HYPERTEXT and HYPERMEDIA

1
HYPERTEXT and HYPERMEDIA

• By Steven Geist and Larnic Ransom

2
Hypertext

• Hypertext is a system of storing images, text,
  and other computer files that allows direct links
  to related text, images, sound, and other data.
• Hypertext is the main basis of operation for the
  web.

3

• It is an information database or medium that
  links verbal and nonverbal information on the
  web.
• Hypertext links called hyperlinks create a
  complex virtual web of connections for users.
• Hypermedia combines the words hypertext and
  multimedia.

4
Hypermedia

• Hypermedia is an updated extension of text in
  hypertext.
• It is the marriage between hypertext and
  multimedia.
• Hypermedia documents contain links to other
  pieces of text, sound, images, movies, and other
  forms of media.

5
How Hypertext is Different From Hypermedia

• Like regular text, hypertext can be edited,
  stored, searched or read. Unlike regular text,
  it can also contain connections to other
  documents.
• Hypermedia documents are like hypertext, except
  that they also contain links to other forms of
  media like movies, sound, and images.

6
Basic Features of a Hypertext System

• A graphical user interface, or GUI. This allows
  users to easily navigate through large amounts of
  data.
• Tools that allow users to create and manage nodes
  and links.
• Information Retrieval systems, allowing users to
  search for items based on specified criteria.
• A hypermedia engine that will manage information
  about nodes and links.
• A storage system such as a filesystem or a
  database system.

7
Example of Hypertext

• http//www.cyberartsweb.org/cpace/cpace/ht/systems
  .html

8
Example of Hypermedia

• http//music.yahoo.com/

9
Grandfather of Hypertext

• Due to the rapidly growing amount of knowledge in
  the mid 40s, an efficient way for storing and
  retrieving information was needed. Vannevar Bush
  developed a device called the Memex. The Memex
  (short for memory extension), worked on the
  principle of associative indexing. This is
  similar to the process that the human brain uses
  to store and retrieve information.
• By using associative indexing, Bush hoped to make
  accessing data more organized, intuitive, and
  easy to use.

10
The Augment Project

• In the 60s, Douglas Engelbart developed the NLS
  (or the oN-Line System). This system helped the
  user in working with ideas, creating links
  between different documents, teleconferencing,
  text processing, sending and receiving e-mail,
  and allowed the user to configure the system to
  his needs.
• In order to allow the user to easily manage the
  system, Engelbart made use of a mouse and a
  window manager. This allowed users to point and
  click.
• The system was intended for office automation.

11
Xanadu

• Xanadu is not a real system by itself, but a
  series of ideas that other systems use.
• Developed by Ted Nelson for the past 35 years,
  the Xanadu is envisioned as a docuverse where
  all information ever created will be available to
  everyone.
• Would allow the creation of documents, but none
  could be deleted. Also, all documents would be
  interconnected.

12
Uses of Hypermedia/Hypertext

• As an educational tool, such as what we use in
  this class.
• As a way of navigating the internet.
• A way of organizing content in a database.
• As a way of allowing users with disabilities to
  learn.
• Entertainment.
• Making online purchases.
• Not just for the internet. Can be used in other
  applications such as dictionaries, encyclopedias,
  databases, and presentations.

13
Future of Hypertext/Hypermedia

• http//www.thebrain.com/
• Adaptive hypermedia systems will build a user
  profile, and will adapt the contents of a
  hypermedia page to the users knowledge or goals.

14
Resources

• http//www.ht04.org/ht04tutorialAdaptive.php
• http//faculty.washington.edu/krumme/projects/hyp
  erbiblio.html
• http//cyberartsweb.org/cpace/cpace/ht/jhup/histor
  y.html
• http//www.linuxgazette.com/issue78/holm.html
• http//www.thebrain.com
• http//music.yahoo.com/
• http//www.cyberartsweb.org/cpace/cpace/ht/systems
  .html
• http//www.e-papyrus.com/hypertext_review/chapter1
  .html