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Taxonomy: is that branch of biology, concerned with the grouping and naming????? of organisms.

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Classification of Kingdom Monera Based on Mode of Nutrition 1) ... Commensalism Autotrophic bacteria: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Taxonomy: is that branch of biology, concerned with the grouping and naming????? of organisms.


1
Lecture 13 The Classification of Living
Organisms ????? ???????? ?????
Taxonomy ??? ???????
  • Taxonomy is that branch of biology, concerned
    with the grouping and naming????? of organisms.
  • The modern taxonomic system was developed by the
    Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus ?????? ??????
    (1707-1788).
  • He classified all known organisms into two large
    kingdoms
  • a) Kingdom Plantae ??????? ????????
  • b) Kingdom Animalia ??????? ?????????
  • Linnaeus developed a 7 level classification
    system based on similarities between organisms.
  • Kingdom Phylum Class Order
    Family Genus Species
  • ????? ???? ?????
    ???? ????? ???
    ???

2
  • Linnaeus classified species as the smallest
    unit.
  • Species is a Latin word meaning kind or
    appearance????? ???????
  • Differences between species based on
  • Morphological differences???????? ?????
  • The potential to interbreed?????? ??? ???????
    with each other in nature to produce fertile
    offspring??? ????
  • Robert Whittaker ????? ?????? in 1969 proposed
    five kingdoms

3) Kingdom Fungi ????? ????????
3
Binomial nomenclature ??????? ????????
  • Developed by Carolus Linnaeus.
  • Binomial nomenclature consists of two names
  • The first name is the organisms genus
  • The second name is the organisms species
  • What rules are used to write scientific names?
  • The first letter of the genus is always
    capitalized.
  • The first letter of the species is always
    lowercase.
  • Scientific names of organisms are always
    italicized or underlined.
  • For example, Linnaeus assigned to humans the
    scientific name Homo sapiens, which means wise
    man ??????? ??????.

4
Systematic position of human ????? ????????
???????
  • Kingdom Animalia??????? ?????????
  • Phylum Chordata???? ????????
  • Class Mammalia????? ????????
  • Order Primates???? ?????????
  • Family Hominidae????? ?????
  • Genus Homo ????? ??????
  • Species sapiens???????

5
First Kingdom of Monera ????? ?????????
  • All the organisms of this kingdom are prokaryotes
    .?????? ??????This means all cells do not have
    nuclear membrane.
  • They are unicellular organisms ?????? ?????
    ??????
  • The kingdom is divided into two groups, a)
    Bacteria and b) Archaea.
  • Monera exist in habitats?????? that are too
    cold, too hot, too salty, too acidic, or too
    alkaline.

6
Classification of Kingdom Monera Based on Mode of
Nutrition ????? ???????
7
  • Autotrophic bacteria bacteria which prepare
    their own food.
  • Heterotrophic bacteria bacteria which are
    dependent on other organisms for their food.
  • Parasitic bacteria bacteria obtain their food
    from the tissues of living organisms (host
    ??????) and cause harm to the host.
  • Saprophytic bacteria bacteria obtain their food
    from dead organic matter.
  • Mutualism a relationship between individuals of
    different species in which both individuals
    benefit.
  • Commensalism a relationship between individuals
    of different species in which one organism
    benefits without affecting the other

8
A) Bacteria
  • Bacteria can be classified by shape into Bacillus
    ?????, Coccus ????? or Spirillum ???????.
  • Different types of diseases are caused by
    bacteria include cholera, many sexually diseases
    ??????? ???????, and certain types of food
    poisoning?????? ???????
  • However, more bacteria are beneficial ????? .
  • Bacteria in our intestines??????? produce
    important vitamins.
  • Bacteria recycle CO2 and other chemical elements
    between organic matter and the soil and
    atmosphere.

9
B) Archaea
  • Archaea can be classified into
  • a)- Halophiles ??? ???????
  • live in saline waters (high salt concentrations)
    as the Great Salt Lake and the Dead Sea.
  • Some species require an extremely salty
    environment to grow.
  • b)- Thermophiles??? ???????
  • live in hot environments (hot springs).
  • The optimum temperatures for most thermophiles
    are 60 - 80C.
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