Weed Control in Homeowner Ornamentals

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Weed Control in Homeowner Ornamentals

• Tim R. Murphy
• The University of Georgia

Landscape
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Ornamental Weed Control Options

• Hand-removal, hoeing
• Mulches
• Landscape fabrics
• Herbicides

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1 Home Owner Question
What can I spray on _at_!? weed to kill it and
how much do I need??
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Mechanical Control
Fabric Mulches

• Plastic or fabric thickness affects the degree of
  weed suppression.
• Clear and colored plastics that allow light
  penetration produce high temperatures in the
  upper surface.
• This build up of heat, solarization, kills
  germinating weed seeds.

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Landscape Fabrics

• Expensive
• Limited commercial use
• Very good option for homeowners
• Use high quality, non-woven, fused fabric
• Properly mulch

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Organic Mulches

• Straw, wood chips, pine straw, sawdust,
  newsprint, and other organic materials.
• These mulches also shade and physically hinder
  germinating seedlings

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Organic Mulches

• Coarse texture better than fine
• Texture more important than type
• 2 to 4 inch depth
• Renew as needed
• Nothing is permanent!

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Mulches
Advantages Disadvantages

• control most weeds expensive??
• good use of waste handling is often
• materials a pain
• Conserves water

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Mechanical Control
Hand Pulling and Hoeing

• Still used for weed control in high value crops
• Best control with small weeds lt4 inches
• Must understand how the weed develops (annuals
  vs. perennials)

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Hand Weed Control
Advantages Disadvantages

• keeps you in shape repetition is a must
• environmentally friendly can stimulate
  germination
• controls most weeds must be timely
• Inexpensive (if done
• by self

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Mechanical Control
Tillage

• Controls many weeds that have emerged
• Incorporate fertilizers, lime
• Prepares seed or plant beds

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Tillage Practices
Advantages Disadvantages

• control most weeds expensive??
• quick and easy cant get too close to
  crop root pruning
• noise pollution

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HERBICIDES
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Ornamental Homeowner Herbicides

• Annual grass control available
• Preemergence and postemergence
• Pre and Post broadleaf weed control is difficult
• Use post graminicides for perennial grass control
• Vines, woody plant control is exceeding difficult

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Ornamental Preemergence Herbicides

• Primarily dinitroanilines
• Treflan, Surflan, Pendulum, Endurance, XL, Team
• Preen
• Preen-N-Green
• Snapshot - trifluralin isoxaben

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Ornamental Preemergence Herbicides

• Products labeled for various species
• Irrigate-in if possible (1/2 inch) within 7 days
• Do not apply to wet foliage
• Match weeds to specific products
• Use fall spring applications
• Rotate products if possible

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Homeowner - Selective POST Grass Control
Herbicides

• Sethoxydim - Vantage, Hi-Yield Poast
• reseeding restriction not listed
• Fluazifop - Dexol Grassout
• Greenlight Bermudagrass Killer
• Ortho Grass-B-Gon
• - reseeding restriction 2 months

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Ornamentals Post-Grass Control

• Use on any non-grass ornamental
• Trees, woodies, annuals, perennials
• Includes liriope, hosta, iris, daylily
• Dont spray open blooms
• No nutgrass control
• Avoid applications on scorchy-hot, humid days

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Integrated Weed Management

• Integrating preventive, mechanical (mulches,
  fabrics), cultural and chemical methods is
  usually the most effective method of managing
  weeds in ornamentals.

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Florida betony
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Florida Betony - Stachys floridana

• Labitae (mint family)
• Rattlesnake weed
• perennial
• reproduces primarily by tubers
• opposite, serrated leaves
• occurs in turf and ornamentals

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Florida Betony Control

• Roundup, Finale
• Casoron applied in winter, very difficult to
  find, can be ordered at Southern States,
  commercial herbicide stores
• Use landscape fabric in ornamentals

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Bamboo

• Phyllostachys aurea
• Grass family
• rhizomatous
• rarely fruits
• no wildlife value
• full sun, partial shade
• native to China

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Bamboo Control

• No herbicide is labeled for the control of bamboo.

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Bamboo Control

• Roundup Pro, 2 v/v, apply to regrowth 3 to 6
  feet tall, repeat, not on label
• Roundup Pro, 33 v/v, apply with gloved hand to
  husk stage, repeat, not on label
• MSMA, 2 v/v, will knock leaves off, repeat
• Mechanical barrier, 30 inches deep

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Phyllanthus spp. - Biology

• Summer annuals
• Spurge family
• Seeds require light
• Tolerates full sun and moderate shade

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Chamberbitter, niruri, gripeweed
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Chamberbitter - Phyllanthus niruri

• Euphorbiaceae (spurge family)
• niruri, gripeweed, leafflower
• summer annual, reproduces by seed
• alternate leaves, numerous leaflets
• inconspicuous flowers
• stalkless green, round fruit
• no milky juice

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Longstalked Phyllanthus
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Longstalked Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus tenellus)

• Euphorbiaceae (spurge family)
• summer annual, reproduces by seed
• alternate leaves, numerous leaflets
• inconspicuous flowers
• stalked green, round fruit
• no milky juice

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Phyllanthus spp. - Control

• Use mulch
• Apply early spring

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Phyllanthus spp. Preemergence Control

• Ronstar (not labeled for use in home landscapes)
• Rout (OHII - slightly less effective)
• Surflan Gallery (Snapshot TG - less effective)
• Prodiamine (Factor, Endurance, Barricade)
• Gallery

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Phyllanthus spp. Postemergence Control

• Roundup Pro
• Finale
• Reward LS

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Phyllanthus spp. Ineffective Herbicides

• Basagran T/O
• Image
• MSMA
• Pennant
• Pendimethalin
• Balan

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Isoxaben Products - Homeowners

• PRE herbicide for control of annual
  broadleaf weeds
• Primarily used in woody ornamentals
• Gallery
• Greenlight Portrait
• Reseeding restrictions - 2 months

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EPTC Products - Homeowners

• PRE control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds
• Woody ornamentals, some flowers, groundcovers
• Preen for Groundcovers

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Homeowner - Nutsedge Herbicides

• Image imazaquin
• reseeding restriction 6 weeks
• Manage halosulfuron -reseeding
  restriction 4 weeks
• Bentazon
• Basagran T/O, Hi-Yield Basagran
• reseeding restriction 0 week

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Sedge Herbicides -Ornamentals

• Basagran T/O - yellow, annual sedges
• Manage - yellow, purple, annual sedges
• Image - yellow, purple, annual sedges
• Pennant - yellow, annual sedges
• Preemergence only
• No homeowner package available

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Basagran T/0 - Ornamentals

• Directed spray around base of ornamentals
• Over-the-Top
• Hollies, ornamental cabbage, pachysandra
• Liriope, impatiens, marigold
• English ivy, petunia, ajuga
• Saferoption for yellow nutsedge than Roundup
  Pro

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Manage - Ornamentals

• Post-directed around woody ornamentals
• New-transplants- wait 3 months
• Do not use in annuals or herbaceous perennials
• May be applied 4 weeks in advance of
  transplanting woody ornamentals

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Image - Ornamentals

• Over-the-top
• Junipers, Burford hollies, Helleri holly, Indian
  hawthorne,
• Liriope, mondograss, hostas, Red tip photinia
• Pachysandra, Asiatic Confederate jasmine
• Do not apply over root zone of non-listed
  ornamentals
• Azalea, ligustrum, viburnum, pieris, abelia are
  severely injured by Image

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Dodder
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Dodder - Cuscuta spp.

• Convolvulaceae (morningglory family)
• rootless, leafless parasitic annuals
• yellow spaghetti
• prolific seed producer
• germinates early spring
• 8 species known in Georgia
• wide host range on broadleaf plants

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Dodder Control - Ornamentals

• Fumigate - Basamid
• Casoron, Norosac - woody ornamentals, may be
  difficult to find
• Dacthal - dropped by manufacturer
• Kerb - woody ornamentals, Restricted Use
  Herbicide
• Roundup, Finale