Accomplishments%20of%20the%20Progressives

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Accomplishments of the Progressives
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PROGRESSIVES
1890 to 1917 Progressives were reformers who
attempted to solve problems caused by industry,
growth of cities and laissez faire.
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• Progressives were
• White Protestants
• Middle class and native born.
• College Educated Professionals
• Social workers
• Scholars
• Politicians
• Preachers
• Teachers
• Writers

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PROGRESSIVES

• Populists vs Progressives
• Populists---rural
• Progressives---cities
• Populists were poor and uneducated
• Progressives were middle-class and educated.
• Populists were too radical
• Progressives stayed political mainstream.
• Populists failed
• Progressives succeeded

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PROGRESSIVES
Areas to Reform Social Justice Political
Democracy Economic Equality Conservation
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PROGRESSIVES
Social Justice Improve working conditions in
industry, regulate unfair business practices,
eliminate child labor, help immigrants and the
poor
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America's Cities
American cities at the end of the 19th
century (A) were becoming less congested (B)
resisted any attempt to improve transportation
issues(C) were free of the corruption of
political machines and boss politics(D)
witnessed the emergence of social reformers and
movements intending to improve urban life for
residents(E) trailed their European counterparts
in electricity usage
New York City's Bowery, 1896
Answer      (D) witnessed the emergence of
social reformers and movements intending to
improve urban life for residents Explanation
The many problems of late 19th century urban life
(traffic congestion, sanitation, overcrowding,
political corruption of city bosses) inspired a
variety of secular and religious individuals and
organizations to provide aid and comfort to urban
residents. Jane Addams founded Hull House in
Chicago, a settlement house supporting the poor
and immigrant population. Churches and religious
organizations, including the YMCA, offered
programs, meals, and housing to city residents.
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Which American educational reformer associated
with the progressive education movement wrote the
following? "The actual interests of the child
must be discovered if the significance and worth
of his life is to be taken into account and full
development achieved. Each subject must fulfill
present needs of growing children . . . The
business of education is not, for the presumable
usefulness of his future, to rob the child of the
intrinsic joy of childhood involved in living
each single day."   A) Horace Mann B) Henry
AdamsC) Charles Eliot D) John Dewey E)
Jane Addams
Educational Reform
Answer D) John Dewey
Explanation John Dewey influenced American
education by insisting that school was not only
as a place to gain content knowledge, but also a
place to learn how to live. The purpose of
education should not revolve around the
acquisition of a pre-determined set of skills,
but the ability to use those skills for the
greater good. He insisted that every lesson
should be focused directly on the child.
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PROGRESSIVES
Political Democracy Give the government back to
the people, get more people voting and end
corruption with political machines.
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PROGRESSIVES

• Economic Justice
• Fairness and opportunity in the work world,
  regulate unfair trusts and bring about changes in
  labor.
• Demonstrate to the common people that U.S.
  Government is in charge and not the
  industrialists.

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PROGRESSIVES
CONSERVATION Preserve natural resources and the
environment
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SOCIAL JUSTICE
MUCKRAKERS

• Muckrakers were journalists and photographers who
  exposed the abuses of wealth and power.
• They felt it was their job to write and expose
  corruption in industry, cities and government.
• Progressives exposed corruption but offered no
  solutions.

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• Which of the following is not an example of the
  muckraking journalism that emerged in the late
  19th and early 20th centuries?
• Theodore Dreiser wrote Sister Carrie, a depiction
  of the evils of urban life
• (B) Nellie Bly went undercover in a mental
  hospital, depicting a cruel and unjust system
• (C) Lincoln Steffens exposed city machines in
  The Shame of the Cities
• (D) Jacob Riis described the life of the urban
  poor in How the Other Half Lives
• (E) Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil Trust abuses

Answer (A) Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie,
a depiction of the evils of urban life
Explanation Muckrakers were investigative
journalists who sought to promote reform by
exposing wrongs in a number of areas of American
life. Theodore Roosevelt wrote of the importance
of muckrakers in 1906 "There are, in the body
politic, economic and social, many and grave
evils, and there is urgent necessity for the
sternest war upon them. There should be
relentless exposure of and attack upon every evil
man whether politician or business man, every
evil practice, whether in politics, in business,
or in social life. I hail as a benefactor every
writer or speaker, every man who, on the
platform, or in book, magazine, or newspaper,
with merciless severity makes such attack,
provided always that he in his turn remembers
that the attack is of use only if it is
absolutely truthful." Sister Carrie was a
fictional account of a rural Wisconsin girl who
becomes exposed to the harsh realities of the
city.
Muckrakers
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Urban Issues
Which of the following was not a problem of
American cities in the last decades of the 19th
century? (A) corrupt city governments(B)
declining tax base as residents moved to rural
areas(C) lack of health support systems for the
urban poor(D) sewage system breakdowns(E)
overcrowded housing
Answer      (B) declining tax base as residents
moved to rural areas Explanation The urban
centers of the U.S. grew at a rapid pace at the
end of the 19th century as America moved from
being a rural to an urban nation. Problems,
including corruption, overcrowding, the lack of
adequate sewage systems, and the lack of adequate
medical care for the urban poor, plagued the
cities.
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Living conditions of the urban poor focused on
tenements. Child labor in the factories and
education for children.
NYC passed building codes to promote safety and
health. Ending child labor and increased
enrollment in schooling.
How the Other Half Lives(1890) The Bitter Cry of
the Children
Investigated dangerous working conditions and
unsanitary procedures in the meat-packing
industry.
In 1906 the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and
Drug Act were passed
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle(1906)
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Progressive Changes at the Local Level
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II. Progressive Changes at the State Level
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Privacy at the ballot box ensures that citizens
can cast votes without party bosses knowing how
they voted.
Secret Ballot
Direct Primary
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AUSTRALIAN BALLOT

• Given out only at the polls
• Vote in secret
• Printed at public expense
• Lists names of all candidates and their parties

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Progressive Governor

• Robert M. La Follette Wisconsin Idea
• Direct Primary
• Curbed Excess Lobbying
• Commissions in Public Interest
• Backed Labor reform

Robert M. La Follette
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III. Progressive Changes at the Federal Level
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Enacted by U.S. Congress which sought to address
the perceived evils of child labor by prohibiting
the sale in interstate commerce of goods
manufactured by children. Signed into law by
President Wilson. Act declared unconstitutional
by the US Supreme Court
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Amendments

• 16 Federal Income Tax
• Graduated
• 17 Direct Election of Senators
• 18- Prohibition
• 19- Women the right to vote

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PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS
Teddy Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson
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Theodore Teddy Roosevelt

• Business
• Trust Busting
• Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890
• 1902, line against the misconduct not against
  the wealth
• Dont with to destroy corp. Wish to serve the
  public good

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PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS

• Square Deal
• TR believed in the capitalistic system but
  believed that the system must be regulated by US
  Govt.
• TR was for the betterment of the common man as
  opposed to benefit the elite.

• TR believed the U.S. Government was running the
  country and not the rich and corrupt
  industrialists.
• U.S. Government involvement with regulatory
  agencies.Similar to checks and balances

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Roosevelt Corollary
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine       (A)  was used to settle the
Russo-Japanese War and earned Theodore Roosevelt
the Nobel Peace Prize      (B)  was passed by
both houses of Congress      (C)  in effect
reversed the Monroe Doctrine       (D)  asserted
that the U.S. had the right to intervene
militarily in Latin America to preserve
order      (E)  warned Europe that the U.S.
desired a sphere of influence in China
President Theodore Roosevelt in a 1906
political cartoon
Answer       (D)  asserted that the U.S. had
the right to intervene militarily in Latin
America to preserve order Explanation The
Roosevelt Corollary, presented in a speech to
Congress in 1904, extended the Monroe Doctrine by
asserting that if economic order was needed to be
maintained in a Latin American nation, the U.S.
would intervene.
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CONSERVATION

• TRs Conservation Policy
• 125,000 acres in reserve
• National Reclamation Act 1902
• 25 water projects
• Founding of the National Park System

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CONSERVATION

• National Reclamation Act gave birth to the
  Newlands Irrigation Project.
• Free land to Homesteaders who wanted to farm
  Lahontan Valley.
• Dairy farming, hay, beef and sugar beets
• Lake Lahontan and dam built in operation by 1914

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TAFT'S PRESIDENCY

• Federal Childrens Bureau
• Creation of a Dept. of Labor
• 8 hr. workday
• Mann-Elkins Act
• Aligns with Conservative Republicans and splits
  with Roosevelts Progressives.

Goodness gracious, I must have been dozing
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The 1912 Election Key Issues
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1912 ELECTION

• TR forms his own party called the Progressive
  Bull Moose Party..

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The Progressive Party Theodore Roosevelt
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1912 ELECTION
New Nationalism
New Freedom

• Goal
• Continuation of his Square Deal which were
  reforms to help the common man.
• Favored a more active govt role in economic and
  social affairs.
• Good trusts vs. bad trusts
• Direct election of senators
• Tariff reduction
• Presidential primaries
• Regulation of monopolies
• End child labor
• Initiative and referendum
• Womens suffrage

• Goal
• Favored an active role in economic and social
  affairs.
• Favored small businesses and the free functioning
  and unregulated and unmonopolized markets.
• Tackle the triple wall of privilege the
  tariff, the banks, and the trusts.
• Similar to Roosevelts New Nationalism.

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The Working Class Candidates

Eugene V. Debs Emil Seigel for President
for Vice-President
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The Socialist Party Eugene V. Debs
The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am
for Socialism because I am for humanity.
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Growth of the Socialist Vote
Year Socialist Party Socialist Labor Party Total
1888   2,068 2,068
1890   13,704 13,704
1892   21,512 21,512
1894   30,020 30,020
1896   36,275 36,274
1898   82,204 82,204
1900 96,931 33,405 130,336
1902 223,494 53,763 277,257
1904 408,230 33,546 441,776
1906 331,043 20,265 351,308
1908 424,488 14,021 438,509
1910 607,674 34,115 641,789
1912 901,873

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Socialist Party Platform

• Government ownership of railroads and utilities.
• Guaranteed income tax.
• No tariffs.
• 8-hour work day.
• Better housing.
• Government inspection of factories.
• Womens suffrage.

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1912 ELECTION
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GOP Divided by Bull MooseEquals Democratic
Victory!
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1912 ELECTION
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The Election of 1912
The conscience of the people, in a time of grave
national problems, has called into being a new
party, born of the nations sense of justice. We
... here dedicate ourselves to the fulfillment of
the duty laid upon us by our fathers to maintain
the government of the people, by the people and
for the people whose foundations they laid. We
hold with Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln
that the people are the masters of their
Constitution, to fulfill its purposes and to
safeguard it from those who, by perversion of its
intent, would convert it into an instrument of
injustice. In accordance with the needs of each
generation the people must use their sovereign
powers to establish and maintain equal
opportunity and industrial justice, to secure
which this Government was founded and without
which no republic can endure. The above
statements came from which party platform during
the presidential race in 1912? (A) Republican
Party/William H. Taft (B) Democratic
Party/Woodrow Wilson (C) Prohibition Party/Eugene
W. Chafin (D) Socialist Party/Eugene Debs (E)
Progressive or "Bull Moose" Party/Theodore
Roosevelt
Answer (E) Progressive or "Bull Moose"
Party/Theodore Roosevelt Explanation
Disappointed in the policies of his handpicked
successor, William H. Taft, Theodore Roosevelt
launched a new Progressive Party. Finishing
second in popular votes, Roosevelt's presence in
the race helped Democrat Woodrow Wilson win the
election.
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1912 ELECTION

• Wilsons Slogan
• New Freedom restore the free competition and
  equal opportunity but not through big
  government.
• Tackle the triple wall of privilege the
  tariff, the banks, and the trusts.

• Wilson passes quite a bit of legislation which
  was similar to Roosevelts New Nationalism.
• Federal Trade Commission
• 16th Amendment
• Underwood Tariff Bill
• Federal Reserve Act
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act
• Keating-Owen Act

Progressive Movement ends in 1917 with US
entrance into WWI
Wilsons time is devoted to the WWI instead of
the Progressive Reforms.