????? Celestial Navigation

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?????Celestial Navigation
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??? ????? ??

• ??????????????,???????????????????
• The science of navigation can be taught
• ,but the art of navigation must be developed
  from experience.

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?????
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????????

• ????
• ????????????? ?????????
  ???? ????????
  (sextant) ?

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??(Celestial sphere)

• ??????????????
• ?????P?? Z???
  X??

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??? ????

• ?????????
• 1.????(A.U.) ???????????????????(149,604,618Km)
  ???????????8?20????????????? ??

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• ?????????2.??(Light Year) ?????????????30???,???
  ???? ???

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• ?????????
• 3.???(Parsec) ??????????????????,????????
  

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??(Milky way)

• ??(Galaxies) ,?????????????????(dust
  clouds)??????
• ??(Milky way) ??????????
• ??(reddish star)
• ???(Blue-white star)
• ??
• ??
• ??

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??? ??(Sun)

• ??,??????,????50???
• ??????????

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• ????(sun spots) ??????????????1003700???????????
  ????,???????????????

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??? ???
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• ????????????,???????????,????????????
• ??????????????
• ??????????????????????????????
• ???????????????,???????????

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??????? (Keplers first law)

• ????????(ellipses),???????

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??????? (Keplers second law)

• ??????????????,????????

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??????? (Keplers third law)

• ?????????????????????????????

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??? ????????
?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??
?? Mercury 88day 59day 5.8x107Km
?? Venus 243day 243day 1.08x108Km
?? Earth 365.24day 23h56m 1.5x108Km 1
?? Mars 687day 24h37m 2.28x108Km 2
?? Jupiter 11.86year 9h50m 7.783x108Km 16
?? Saturn 29.46year 10h36m 1.432x109Km 18
??? Uranus 84.02year 17h14m 2.871x109Km 17
??? Neptune 164.9year 16h06m 4.498x109Km 8
??? Pluto 248.5year 6d9.4h 5.914x109Km 1
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??(Mercury)

• ????????,?????
• ???(???Elongation)?28??
• ????(evening star)
• ????(morning star)

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??(Venus)

• ?????,???????
• ?????46??
• ??????,???????

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• ??(Mars)

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• ??(Jupiter)

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• ??(Saturn)

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• ???(Uranus)

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• ???(Neptune)

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• ???(Pluto)

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??? ????????

• ???(Asteroids or minor planets)?????????,????????
  ???????????
• ??(Satellites ) ??????????,??????????

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• ??(Comets) ??????????????????????????????????,76
  ??????
• ?????(Meteors and Meteorites)
  ????????,????????????,?????,?????????????

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??? ??(the earth)
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• ???????

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• ??(stellar magnitude) ???(Pogson)
  ?????????,????????2.512? ???????????,???????,??
  ????????????????100??????????????,????????

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????(rotation)

• ??????????????? ???(x?????????? ????)?
• ?????? 1.??????? 2.????,????? 3.????
  4.??????????(Diurnal circle) ???(circumpolar
  stars)

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???
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???
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????(Revolution)
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???(Zodiac)
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??12?
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??????????
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?????
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????(Precession)???(Nautation)

• ?????????????,????????,??????????,??????????50.2?
  ???
• ???????????,???????????,?????9 ?

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??? ??(Moon)

• ??????????????
• ????????,??????????????,???????29.5?,?????(synodic
  al month)?
• ??????????????????(sidereal month),?27.3??
• ?????????????,???????????50???

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?(Eclipse)

• ??????????????5?,???????????,????????
• ??(Lunar eclipse)
• ??(Solar eclipse)

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??? ????????

• ??(the tides)
• ???????(inferior superior)
• ????(retrograde motion)
• ????(phase of the planet)

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???????(inferior superior planet)
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????(retrograde motion)
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????