Civil Rights

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Civil Rights

• Unit 6

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The Segregation System

• Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlawed segregation in
  public facilities.
• Supreme Court overturned law as unconstitutional
  in 1883.
• Other court cases and state laws severely
  restricted African Americans rights.
• Plessy vs. Ferguson
• Jim Crow Laws

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Jim Crow Laws

• Forbade marriage between black and white.
• Segregated schools, streetcars, waiting rooms,
  elevators, railroad cars, public restrooms.
• Restricted social and religious contact.
• Facilities for blacks were always inferior.

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Segregation in 20th Century

• WWII set stage for civil rights movement.
• Demand for soldiers created shortage of white
  laborersopportunities for minorities.
• 700,000 African Americans fought.
• Civil Rights organizations began challenging
  racist laws.
• NAACP(National Association for the Advancement of
  Colored People )
• Thurgood Marshall won 29 out of 32 cases before
  Supreme Court.
• Brown vs. Board of Education

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Response to Brown Decision

• The decision affected 12 million schoolchildren.
• Many districts complied right away.
• Southern Manifesto 90 southern Congress
  members denounced the Brown decision and called
  on states to resist.
• Little Rock, Arkansas Central High School
  results in Civil Rights Act of 1957.
• Gave federal government greater power over school
  desegregation and other racial violations.

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Dr. Martin Luther King

• Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks
• SCLC Changing the world with Soul Force
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference to
  carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of
  second-class citizenship.
• Modeled after Gandhi
• Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
  college student protesters

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The Movement Spreads

• SNCC staged sit-ins
• TV crews covered the protest showing the ugly
  face of racism.
• Sparked sit-ins across the South.
• Sit-ins forced the desegration of lunch counters
  in 48 cities in 11 states.
• They endured arrests, beatings, suspension, and
  tear gas and fire hoses, but refused to back down.

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