The Federalist Era A Policy of Neutrality

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The Federalist Era A Policy of Neutrality
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In France, the peasants middle class paid heavy
taxes while nobles paid none!Like Americans, the
French fought for their liberty equality.
1,2,3
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Reign of Terror begins!The King Queen loose
their heads!
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Europe is plunged into war for more than 20 years
as the rulers of Britain, Spain, Prussia, Austria
Netherlands, fearing the spread of
revolutionary ideas, send armies to quell the
revolution in France.
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French Revolution
4

• Divided Americans its leaders
• Jefferson supported French fight for freedom
• Hamilton Adams Democracy can not be won with
  violence

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G.W. is forced to formforeign policy as France
seeks U.S. aid
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• Foreign policy
• actions a nation takes in relation to other
  nations

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Hoping to avoid war, G.W. signed the

• Neutrality Proclamation
• The U.S. will not support either side.
• Britain France ignored U.S. neutrality and
  seized American cargoes.

6, 7
8
G.W. knew that the U.S. was too weak for war so
he sent John Jay to work out a treaty with
England

• England agreed to
• pay damages for seized ships
• give up forts in Ohio River Valley
• United States agreed to
• pay debts to British merchants
• Americans were angered
• It did not protect rights of U.S. neutral ships!

JAYS
8,9
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Washingtons Farewell Address

• G.W. warned Americans
• remain neutral avoid alliances with foreign
  nations
• His advice influenced foreign policy
• for more than 100 years

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The Federalist Era

• The rise of
• Political Parties

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Americans saw how damaging factions were in
Britain they feared that political parties
would threaten national unity.
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• Men who have been friends all their lives cross
  the streets to avoid meeting
• Thomas Jefferson

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POLITICAL PARTIES

• grew around Hamilton Jefferson as they
  disagreed on what was best for the U.S. how to
  run the government
• Hamilton Federalists
• Jefferson Republicans

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The Role of Government
4,5

• Hamilton
• favored a strong natl government
• power in the hands of the wealthy educated

• Jefferson
• favored strong state govt
• power in hands of the common people

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Economic Policy Hamilton favored the
growth of
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• Manufacturing trade
• cities merchant class

• Supported National bank was necessary for govt
  to collect taxes pay bills

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Economic PolicyJefferson believed
3,4,5,7

• farmers were the backbone of the country
• manufacturing will corrupt the nation

• Opposed National Bank would give too much
  power to govt wealthy
• Believed Bank was unconstitutional!

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Interpretation of the Constitution

• Hamilton
• Believed in loose interpretation
• Congress had power to make laws
• necessary proper

• Jefferson
• Believed in strict interpretation
• powers not given to federal govt belongs to
  the states
• Remember the 10th Amendment?

What constitutional clause enabled Congress to
stretch its powers if necessary?
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Foreign Policy

• Hamilton
• pro British
• trade

• Jefferson
• pro French
• Allies during Revolution

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Hamilton Jefferson
10,11

• Democratic-Republicans
• Small farmers
• Craft workers
• Some wealthy planters

• Federalists
• Merchants
• Manufacturers
• Some wealthy planters

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Election of 1796
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• Republican
• Jefferson (P)
• Aaron Burr (VP)

• Federalists
• John Adams (P)
• Pinckney (VP)

Newspapers helped flame the rivalry between
Political Parties. They took sides , mixed humor,
opinion facts, kept people informed
influenced public opinion
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• Adams (Federalist) becomes President with the
  majority of electoral votes
• Jefferson (Republican) becomes V.P. with the
  second most electoral votes

What problems can you anticipate Adams
Jefferson will encounter in their term?
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XYZ AFFAIRAdams faces crisis with France!
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• Upset with Jays Treaty, France begins to seize
  U.S. ships.
• Adams sends diplomats to France to discuss U.S.
  rights as a neutral nation.

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The XYZ Affair
2

• French Foreign
• Minister Talleryand
• refused to meet with
• Adams diplomats
• sought bribes
• for himself France.
• Americans were
• outraged and
• demanded war!

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Adams show of strength avoids war convinces
French to stop attackingU.S. ships

• USS Constellation fought French ships in the
  Caribbean in December 1798 to protect
• American commerce

• Builds frigates - fast sailing ships with guns -
  to strengthen the U.S. Navy

3
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The Federalist Party splits!Adams loses
Federalist support
5,6,7

• High Federalists Hamilton supporters who
  criticized Adams refusal to go to war.
• They hoped a war with France would
• weaken the Republican Party who were supporters
  of France
• Force U.S. to build military which would increase
  federal power
• Napolean Bonaparte did not have time for a war so
  he agreed to stop seizing U.S. ships.

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Alien Sedition Acts
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• Federalists passed laws in hopes of gaining
  power.
• Immigrants, most likely to support Republicans,
  came to the US seeking freedom opportunity.
• Immigrants people who entered a country to
  settle there.

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Alien Acts
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• Alowed President to expell any alien, or
  foreigner who was considered a threat.
• Laws were passed that denied vote to immigrants.

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Sedition Acts
10,11

• Sedition stir up rebellion against a government
• Sedition Acts punished those who criticized the
  government

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Alien Sedition Acts Nullified
12,13

• Jefferson the Republicans
• argued that these new laws violated the
  Constitution 1st Amendments rights
• Urged states to nullify, or cancel, them

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Kentucky Virginia pass resolutions
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• States can nullify a federal law if it thinks
  its unconstitutional
• Raised important question
• Do states have the right to decide if a law is
  unconstitutional?

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Election of 1800
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• Republicans hoped to win power from the
  Federalists by focusing on 2 issues
• Attacked Federalists for raising taxes
• Opposed Alien Sedition Acts

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And in this corner
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• Republican candidates
• Jefferson President
• Aaron Burr - VP

• Federalist candidates
• Adams - President

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• Although Jefferson won the popular vote, there
  was a tie in the electoral college .
• According to the Constitution, the House of
  Representatives decides the election!
• Jefferson was chosen President and Burr became
  VP

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Election of 1800 End of the Federalist Era
19,20

• The 12th Amendment requires electors to vote
  separately for Pres VP
• Federalists won fewer Congressional seats after
  Hamilton is killed in a duel the Federalist party
  declines.

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• Power shifted from the more industrial New
  England to the Southern states and their
  agricultural interests. This increased tensions
  over slavery.

Burr got 73 votes to tie with Jefferson