The Middle Ages

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The Middle Ages
Decline of Roman Empire- Germanic Barbarians took
over and everything fell apart
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Periodization
Early Middle Ages 500 1000 High Middle Ages
1000 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500
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Europe in the 6c
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Middle Ages

• Had roots in classical Rome, Roman Catholic
  Church, Germanic customs
• Y?
• Trade decreased, less
• Downfall of cities went to villages
• Population went from city to Rural (country)
• Decline of Learning
• Loss of common language- different dialects

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Clovis (NC)

• Who Warrior king of the Franks
• What conquered part of the Roman Empire
  established the Frank kingdom converted to
  Christianity
• Where France, Western Europe
• When 496 CE
• Why his Frank kingdom replaced the great Roman
  Empire his kingdom became what is today France

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Medieval (NC)

• Who Germanic tribes
• What from the latin words for Middle Age time
  period after Roman Empire
• Where Western Europe
• When 500-1500
• Why culture blended Greco-Roman, Germanic,
  Christian traditions to make a new civilization

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Franks

• Who Germanic People, Clovis
• What group of people that conquered parts of the
  Roman Empire
• Where Gaul (France Switzerland today)
• When 511
• Why The leader Clovis converted to Christianity
  united all the Franks made them all
  Christian their area customs eventually became
  France

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Charles Martel (NC)

• Who leader of Frankish warriors
• What won the Battle of Tours stopped Muslims
  from entering Europe
• Where Gaul, France, Western Europe
• When 732
• Why he pushed the Muslims back, out of Europe,
  which showed God was on the Christians side WE
  stays Christian

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Battle of Tours (NC)

• Who Charles Martel, Frankish warriors vs. Muslim
• What a battle between Muslims Christians over
  control of Europe
• Where Gaul, France, WE
• When 732
• Why the Christians pushed the Muslims back
  Muslims did not conquer France made WE Christian

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Charlemagne 742 to 814
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Charlemagnes Empire
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Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor Dec.
25, 800
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Charlemagne

• Who Charles the Great grandson of Charles
  Martel ruler of Franks
• What built an empire reaching across France,
  Germany, Italy
• Where France, WE
• When 768-
• Why on the next slide

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1. Built an empire greater than any known since Rome
   (Holy Roman Empire) created unified Christian
   Europe
2. He was crowned HRE by the pope Pope had more
   power than a king will be a prob for a LONG
   time
3. Furthered the blending of Germanic, Christian,
   Roman traditions
4. Set up strong, efficient govts- ex for ppl after
   him
5. His death break up of power lands feudalism
   diff. countries in Europe

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Charlemagnes Empire CollapsesTreaty of Verdun,
843
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The Carolingian Renaissance
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European Feudalism

• Section 2

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Feudalism

• Who lords, vassals, kings (Europeans)
• What decentralized political economic
  structure in which powerful local lords divided
  their landholdings among lesser lords
• Where WE
• When Middle Ages, 500-1500
• Why serve as protection against invaders system
  of mutual obligations b/n lords vassals

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Vassal

• Who lesser lords
• What pledged service loyalty to the greater
  lord in exchange for protection
• Where WE
• When Middle Ages, 500-1500
• Why his service was important to making the new
  govt econ system (Feudalism) work

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Feudal Contract

• Who lords vassals
• What a pledge of an exchange of land loyalty
  for protection
• Where WE
• When Middle Ages, 500-1500
• Why the Lord grants fief to vassal for
  protection the vassal pledges his loyalty to
  lord promises military service

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Fief

• Who Lords Vassals
• What estate (land) that is granted to the vassal
  in exchange for his loyalty
• Where WE
• When Middle Ages, 500-1500
• Why the Vassal would receive land with
  peasants(serfs) to work it-this exchange was an
  important part of the Feudal contract

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Feudalism- Main Ideas(for worksheet)

• Feudalism- a new govt/econ system focused on
  protection develops
• Feudal contract promised exchange of land (fief)
  for loyalty (mutual obligations)
• Society was structured with king, lord, vassal,
  serf- relationships were complex- loyalties were
  confused

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Knight

• Who mounted warriors
• What fought for lords in battle in return for
  land (fief)
• Where WE
• When Middle Ages, 500-1500
• Why serf boys sent away to train _at_ 7, fought in
  battles for the lord the protection that Feudal
  system was based on without the knight- no
  protection

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Tournaments

• Who knights
• What mock (fake) battles
• Where WE
• When MA 500-1500
• Why this served as entertainment for society
  practice for the knights for real battle

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Manor

• Who Lords peasants (serfs)
• What Lords estate, villages surrounding lands
• Where WE
• When Middle Ages, 500-1500
• Why most imp thing to Feudal econ peasants
  worked on the manor in return for protection from
  the lord Self-sufficient

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Serfs

• Who Peasants
• What not slaves, but bound to lords land
  couldnt leave worked the lords land
• Where WE
• When Middle Ages, 500-1500
• Why worked the land- w/o them the Feudal econ
  wouldnt have existed hard life, disease
  hunger most died by 35 limited diet

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The Manor- main ideas(for worksheet)

• Manor was the lords estate, worked by the serf
  for protection- most imp part of Feudal economy
• Peasants worked the land for the lord, in return
  they got protection housing from the lord
• Self-sufficient- produced everything they
  needed, didnt need others
• Serfs- hard life, died by 35, limited diet

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Feudalism
What A political, economic, and social system
based on loyalty and military service- governed
Europe during Middle Ages
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Pyramid social structure
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Carcassonne A Medieval Castle
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Parts of a Medieval Castle
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(No Transcript)
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The Medieval Manor
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Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work
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(No Transcript)
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Village Bakery
Village Church
Peasant Home
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Chivalry A Code of Honor and Behavior
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The Power of the Church

• Section 3

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The Power of the Church

• Weak political govts around Europe
• Church 1
• Center of everyones lives in Middle Ages
  (remember the picture- center of the village)
• Religion Christianity

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Structure of the church

• Hierarchy of Clergy- just like Feudalism
• Clergy religious officials

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(Clergy) Why?

• Served as the unifying force among the people in
  M.A. brought people together
• Served as the main contact with the Church and
  God aka Salvation
• Administered Sacraments (important Religious
  ceremonies/rites)
• Ex Baptism, Marriage, Communion

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Sacraments

• Who Priests Christians
• What the sacred rights of the church
• Where WE
• When Middle Ages, 500-1500
• Why Christians thought by taking sacraments it
  would lead them to salvation after death, these
  guided ppl to be moral (ex. Baptism, marriage,
  becoming priest)

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Benedictine Rule

• Who Monks nuns
• What rules that regulated the monastic lives of
  Monks nuns
• Where monasteries convents across WE
• When 500-1500
• Why they took vows of obedience, poverty,
  purity this told them when/what to do

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Main Idea

• The church dominated Medieval life- the people of
  WE converted to Christianity anyone who didnt
  belong to the church suspicious
• Role of the Parish Priest the priest (in charge
  of local church) practiced Christian rituals
  helped put the rituals into everyday life

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Main ideas

• The importance of village church The church was
  a social center largest building in the
  village supported by tithes, or tax
• Rise of Cathedrals Bishops manages Cathedrals
  (larger church)
• Church taught ppl men women were In society,
  women viewed as weak the church tried to protect
  women but would punish women more harshly

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Main ideas

• Monasteries Convents Benedict organized a
  monastery developed Benedictine Rule- regulated
  monks lives
• Service Scholarship Monasteries provided
  health education kept learning alive didnt
  like women to learn
• Churchs role in society

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Secular

• Who W. Europeans
• What a worldly force in Medieval Europe
  non-religious (ex. Kings, emperor)
• Where WE
• When 500-1500
• Why the church was so powerful that it even
  controlled the Secular life (i.e. Pope was in
  charge of secular leaders-kings)

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Papal Supremacy

• Who Medieval popes
• What the Pope had authority of all people (Kings
  Emperors included)
• Where WE
• When 500-1500
• Why the Pope was viewed as a representative of
  God here on earth he was higher than anyone
  else Pope was 1

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Main Idea

• The church was the most important thing in life
  during Middle Ages Pope was the most important
  and powerful person

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Canon Law

• Who Christians
• What the churchs body of laws based on
  religious teachings that Christians had to follow
• Where WE
• When 500-1500
• Why governed many aspects of life- wills,
  marriages, morals if you broke these rules-
  youd be punished

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Excommunication

• Who Christians
• What a punishment Christians received for
  breaking Canon law- kicked out of the church
• Where WE
• When 500-1500
• Why most severe of punishment- you could not
  receive sacraments or Christian burial
  condemned to hell for eternity

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Interdict

• Who powerful noble, Christian
• What a punishment for not obeying Canon law- an
  order excluding a nobles entire land/region from
  the church
• Where WE
• When 500-1500
• Why if the noble received this- his people
  couldnt get sacraments or Christian burial
  revolts!

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Main idea

• Religious authority Christian church dedicated
  to God- anyone who broke Canon law punishment
  such as excommunication or interdict
• Corruption Reform Christians left land
  wealth to monasteries Clergy took this wealth
  corrupt started breaking rules (getting
  married) reform

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Friars

• Who Monks
• What Monks that did not live in isolated
  monasteries, they traveled through Europe
  preaching to the poor
• Where WE
• When 500-1500
• Why they had an impact on religion in WE-
  converted the poor ppl to Christianity
  Christianity became most popular

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St. Francis of Assisi

• Who wealthy Italian monk
• What founded the 1st order of Friars called the
  Fransiscans
• Where WE
• When 1181- 1226
• Why devoted himself to preaching the Gospels
  teaching through his examples of good works
  preached poverty, humility, love of God

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Main idea
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Monasteries

• Who European Christians
• What religious communities where Monks lived
  Nuns lived in convents
• Where Europe
• When Middle Ages 500-1500
• Why
• 1) were Europes best educated communities
  schools, libraries, copied

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A Medieval Monks Day
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A Medieval Monastery The Scriptorium
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Illuminated Manuscripts
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Canon Law

• Who
• What system of justice- The law of the Church
  for matters such as marriage religious
  practices
• Where
• When
• Why If you didnt obey Canon Law, you would be
  excommunicated or not allowed to take Sacraments
  Hell!!!

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Power Pope or King?

• The Pope had 1 power on earth..
• Kings thought they were from God should have
  the 1 power
• struggle Who has the 1 power?
• Examples
• Charlemagne
• Otto

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(Power struggle contd)

• The Church resented Kings/nobles having power
  over the church..
• The Pope BANS Lay Investiture
• Irritates King, so King says Step down!
• Pope Excommunicates King Henry
• The Pope has more power!

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Lay Investiture

• Who European Kings the Pope
• What Kings nobles appointed church officials
• Where _(you should know these by now)_____
• When __________
• Why Kings had power over the church the
  Church/Pope gets mad Pope BANS Lay Investiture
  King Pope fight

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Concordat of Worms

• Who Pope Kings
• What agreement b.n Pope Kings that
• Where Worms, Germany
• When 1122 CE (Middle Ages)
• Why

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DONT FORGET to do these cards that arent here

• Carolingian Dynasty
• Lord
• Fief
• Vassal
• Knights
• Serf
• Manor
• Chivalry

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The Power of the Medieval Church

• bishops and abbots played a large part in the
  feudal system.
• the church controlled about 1/3 of the land
  in Western Europe.
• tried to curb feudal warfare ? only 40 days a
  year for combat.
• curb heresies ? crusades Inquisition
• tithe ? 1/10 tax on your assets given to the
  church.
• Peters Pence ? 1 penny per person paid by
  the peasants.

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Romanesque Architectural Style

• Rounded Arches.
• Barrel vaults.
• Thick walls.
• Darker, simplistic interiors.
• Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.