Elements%20of%20Music%20(continued)

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Elements%20of%20Music%20(continued)

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Title: Elements%20of%20Music%20(continued)

1
Elements of Music (continued)

Texture

2
Musical Texture

Number of layers of sound that are heard at once,
including
What kind of layers they are, and
How they are related to each other

3
Musical Texture is all about LAYERS
Think FOOD
Lemon poundcake Is a single layer
Black Forest Cake Is many layers
4
Musical Texture is all about LAYERS
Think FOOD
Lemon poundcake Is MONO-textured
Black Forest Cake Is POLY-textured
5
Musical Texture is all about LAYERS
MONOPHONY is musical texture with only one layer
of melody
POLYPHONY is musical texture with more than one
layer of melody
6
Musical Textures

MONOPHONY (n.), MONOPHONIC (adj.) one sounding
Single melodic line without accompaniment
Example
ANONYMOUS - Alleluia Vidimus Stellam (Gregorian
Chant)

POLYPHONY (n.), POLYPHONIC (adj.) many sounding
Performance of two or more melodic lines of
relatively equal interest at the same time
Example
J.S. BACH - Movement 4 from Cantata 140 Wachet
auf

7
Counterpoint (n.),Contrapuntal (adj.)

The technique of combining two or more melodic
lines into a meaningful whole
Often used interchangeably with POLYPHONY
Term comes from Latin - punctum contra punctum
(point against point, note against note)

8
ANONYMOUS - Alleluia Vidimus Stellam (Gregorian
Chant)
Solo voice
Choir
9
J.S. BACH - Movement 4 from Cantata 140 Wachet
auf
Violins
Tenors
Cellos/Harpsichord
10
POLYPHONY has different types

NON-IMITATIVE(adj.)
Example J.S.BACH - Movement 4 from Cantata 140
Wachet auf
When the layers of melody are different from one
another
IMITATION (n.), IMITATIVE (adj.)
Example JOSQUIN DESPREZ - Ave Maria
When the layers of melody are the same or very
similar and the different layers start at
different times

11
J.S. BACH - Movement 4 from Cantata 140 Wachet
auf
Violins
Tenors
Cellos/Harpsichord
NON-IMITATIVE POLYPHONY
12
JOSQUIN DESPREZ - Ave Maria
Sopranos
Altos
Tenors
Basses
IMITATIVE POLYPHONY
13
Frere Jacques (Row, row, row your boat)
Example of ROUND/CANON
Voice 1
1 2 321 1 2 321 3 4 5 3 4 5 565431
1 2 321 1 2 321 3 4 5
Voice 2
1 2 321
Voice 3
565431 1 5 1 1 5 1
3 4 5 565431 565431 1 5 1 1 5 1
1 2 321 3 4 5 3 4 5 565431 565431
14
Round (Canon)

A strict type of IMITATIVE POLYPHONY in which a
song in which several people sing the same melody
but each starts at a different time
Examples
Frere Jacques (Are you sleeping, Brother John?)
Row, row, row your boat

15
There is one special type of NON-IMITATIVE
POLYPHONY

HOMOPHONY- term describing music in which one
main melody is accompanied by chords
HYMN-LIKE
The main melody is usually the highest in pitch
The melodic layers move in similar rhythms
The melodies sound together to produce chords
Example J.S. BACH - Movement 7 from Cantata 140
MELODY ACCOMPANIMENT
The main melody stands out by itself
The back-up part is made up of chords
Example FREDERIC CHOPIN - Nocturne in Eb Major

16
Pedal Point (Organ Point)

A single tone, usually in the bass, which is held
while the other voices produce a series of
changing harmonies against it othen found in
fugues
Example G.F. Handel Hallelujah Chorus from
Messiah
Similar to DRONE - A long, sustained tone or
tones accompanying a melody
Example Hildegard of Bingen - O Successores
(Chant)

17
G.F. HANDEL - Hallelujah Chorus from Messiah