Chapter 9 The Glory of Ancient Rome

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Chapter 9 The Glory of Ancient Rome

• Make sure you know your vocabulary it is on your
  test.

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Roman Daily Life

• Rome had the most beautiful monuments and public
  buildings in the world.
• Wealth and goods flowed freely to all parts of
  the empire.
• Merchants made their living from tourists who
  visited the city.

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Census
Rome took a census every 5 years
Censuscount
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Roman Citizens

• To be a Roman citizen was a matter of great
  pride.
• Guess who were not considered as citizens?

children
women
slaves
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Roman Citizens

• Mmm

Only Free Adult Males.
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Roman Social Classes

• Rome had 2 social classes

Wealthy citizens
Lower class poor people
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Rags to Riches??

• The poor lived in poorly built houses or
  multi-story apartment buildings.
• They did not have running water nor plumbing.

• The wealthy lived in villas and enjoyed feasts
  with game or boar.
• They would have entertainment including dancers,
  performers and musicians.

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Lets Eat at a Roman Feast!!
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Bread and Circus

• To prevent the poor from rioting, the government
  gave them free grain and provided circus
  entertainment in the Colosseum.

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Bread and Circus
circuses

• The Roman Government gave

grain
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Gladiators
Gladiators fought to the death. Most gladiators
were slaves, condemned criminals or prisoners or
war. All were forced to fight in bloody contests
of strength.
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Hail Caesar! We who are about to die salute you.
What happens if Caesar goes thumbs up? Thumbs
down?
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Roman Life

• Despite the appeal of brutal combat and
  executions for entertainment, the Romans valued
  family life.
• (I did not say the rulers did, but the people of
  Rome did. )
• The Roman government provided family support.

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Help is on the Way!

• The Roman Government provided support to the
  upper classes. These measures were designed to
  encourage the upper classes to increase the size
  of their families and to continue their family
  names.

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Help is on the Way!

• For families with 3 or more.
• You get free land

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Head of the Household

• The head of the household was the paterfamilias
  (pay tur
• fuh MIL ee us).
• The family included everything and everyone in
  the home under the head of the household.

slaves
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Roles of Women in Rome

• A womans place in the household depended on what
  kind of marriage she had.
• Sometimes she would leave the family and join her
  husbands family.

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Roles of Women in Rome

• Some women shaped roles for themselves outside
  the family.
• Some women became doctors and worked in medicine,
  while others engaged in trade.
• The women of the lower class were usually cooks,
  dressmakers, and hairdressers.

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Slavery in Rome

• Slavery was common in Rome.
• Even poor families might employ slaves.
• Slaves had almost no rights, but a few rose to
  important positions in households of wealthy
  families.
• Some slaves were able to save money and buy their
  freedom.

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Christianity and the Roman Empire

• During the rule of Augustus, Rome increased its
  control over Judea, the region that once had been
  known as Canaan. Here we will be focusing on the
  rise of a new religion, called Christianity.
• Christianity was just one of the religions in the
  Roman Empire. The Romans were tolerant of toward
  the people in these lands as well as they showed
  their loyalty to the Roman Emperor and their
  gods.

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Sermon on the Mount

• In the book of Matthew 5 1-10 reveals what
  Christianity was all about.
• Look on page 259 in the new book and lets
  review.
• The speaker is Jesus and he is telling his
  followers what they have to look forward to when
  you trust in Jesus and do the will of His Father.

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Sermon continued

• Blessed are the poor in spirit for theirs is the
  kingdom of heaven.
• Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be
  comforted.
• Blessed are the lowly, for they shall inherit the
  earth.
• Blessed are those who hunger and thirst fr what
  is right, for they will be satisfied.

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Sermon continued

• Blessed are the merciful, for they shall be
  treated with mercy.
• Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see
  God.
• Blessed are those who are persecuted in the cause
  of right, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.

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Sermon continued

• Jesus taught that God would provide everlasting
  life for those who followed Jesus teachings.

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Unrest in Judaea

• The Romans conquered the Jewish homeland of
  Judaea.
• The Romans allowed the Jews to practice their
  faith, then as opposition grew to the Romans, the
  Romans struck back with harsh rules.

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Christianity and the Roman Empire

• As a result of the Roman rule, many Jews became
  resentful and believed a messiah or savior would
  come to bring justice and freedom to the land.
• In 37 B.C. the Roman senate appointed a new ruler
  of Judaea named Herod- it was during this time
  that Jesus was born in Bethlehem.

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Jesus

• The story of his birth is told in a collection of
  books called the New Testament- the Hebrew Bible.
  
• Complete the map work on page 247 from your old
  textbook.
• In the book of Luke- it states that an order from
  Augustus decreed that a census be taken
  throughout the entire empire.

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Jesus

• Remember, a census required that all men, and
  their households, had to return where they were
  born so they could be counted. So a man named
  Joseph and his wife Mary went to Bethlehem- a
  small town south of Jerusalem- where Mary gave
  birth to a son- Jesus. Growing up Jesus and his
  family lived in Nazareth where Joseph was a
  carpenter.

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Jesus

• While living in Nazareth, Jesus grew in stature
  and favor with men. He astounded people with his
  knowledge of the scriptures and of God. From the
  age of 30, Jesus spent his time preaching,
  teaching, and healing the sick. Many believed
  that he was the Messiah, a special leader to be
  sent from God in order to guide the Jewish people
  and set up an earthly kingdom.

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Jesus

• Like all Jewish teachers, Jesus taught there is
  one true God and that God was a loving and
  forgiving God and we are to love and worship him
  with all our hearts. However, Jesus promised that
  people who followed the steps to salvation- hear,
  believe, repent, baptism, and live a faithful
  life- will have an everlasting life.

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The Gospels

• Years after the death of Jesus, the disciples or
  followers of Christ wrote stories about his
  teachings.
• Four stories of Jesus life were written in the 4
  Gospels Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.

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Roman Fears
Roman Guards and an Emperor. (Rein actors)

• Some people complained to the Romans that Jesus
  taught that God was greater than the emperor.
• The Romans feared a revolt and eventually decided
  to have Jesus put to death by being crucified.

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Jesus

• Jesus spoke of a heavenly kingdom in which He
  would rule His kingdom (the church). The Romans
  would arrest, try, and crucify Jesus. Crucifixion
  means putting to death by hanging form a cross.

• The Romans thought Jesus was going to have a
  physical kingdom and liberate all the Jews living
  under Roman rule.

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Jesusthe teachings of

• Jesus often used parables- simple stories- that
  contained a message or truth.
• Read the excerpt Many Voices/Primary Source on
  page 248 from the book of Luke and explain the
  meaning of love that Jesus speaks of. How does
  this relate to us today?

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Jesus

• Jesus chose 12 men to help Him spread His word.
  Do you know what they were called? The Bible
  says they came from all walks of life. One named
  Peter was a fisherman. Do you know anymore about
  the others? Matthew 10 2-4 has a list of their
  names. Before Jesus, these men had little in
  common however, they became united in the work
  of Jesus.

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Christos

• Many educated people of Jesus time spoke Greek.
• The Greek word for messiah was Christos.
• After Jesus death his followers began to call
  themselves Christians.

• Who was Saul? (Paul)
• Paul persuaded Jesus followers to teach the
  Greeks and Romans as well as the Jews.

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Jesus
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Ways of Worship

• Christians practiced the rites of

Baptism
Lord's Supper
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Ways of Worship

• Singing

• Praying

• Giving

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A.D. 64

• In A.D. 64 a fire started in Rome and burned the
  city for 9 days. Rumor had it the Christians
  started the fire
• This illustration was to show Neros father who
  died in the blaze

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Revenge on the Christians

• Nero ordered the arrest, and killing of
  Christians. This persecution lasted for another
  250years.

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Section 3

• Fall of Rome
• Read pages 270-276
• Make sure you draw the time line on page 271 it
  has at least 3 test questions on it. Please leave
  space for us to write additional notes in class. ?

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Discussion Question

• What problems led to the fall of the Roman
  Empire? Provide at least three examples.
• Reread The Empire Crumbles pgs. 272-273.
• Your answer should come from these paragraphs
  Size of the Empire, Serious Economic Problems,
  and Efforts to stop the Decline all on page 273.

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Constantine

• Constantine was a Roman emperor from 312-337 A.D.
  He strongly encouraged the spread of
  Christianity.
• We will look at his battles where he was
  victorious and how he handled the division of the
  Roman Empire.

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From Good to Bad

• After the death of Marcus Aurelius, his son
  Commodus became the next emperor.
• Lets create a story web about Commodus.

Bribed the army to support him.
Commodus
Was not a good leader.
Did not work with the Senate- tried to mess it up.
Was assassinated in 192
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The Empire Crumbles

• Historians do not agree on any ONE cause for the
  decline of Rome but SEVERAL PROBLEMS led to the
  downfall of Rome.

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Weak Corrupt Rulers

• After Commodus, the emperors were corrupt. Many
  were successful generals and not politicians.
• The generals would steal money for themselves and
  bribe their army to keep them in power.

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Reasons for the Decline of Rome

• Rome was much too large to rule.
• Enemies began to attack Rome.
• The Romans called these people Barbarians.

• Romes sources of wealth declined when the empire
  did not continue to grow.
• Rome had to pay its army and had no money.
• To raise money the government collected even more
  taxes.

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Woe is me

• Food was scarce so its prices went

The government produced more and more coins. The
coins were not valued as much because there was
not much silver in them. So the coins were
actually worth
We just described inflation.
Less
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Trying to stop the decline

• Emperors tried to stop the decline of Rome, but
  were unsuccessful.
• Enlarge the army, built new forts at the borders,
  improve the tax system and

Divide the Empire
Romes Decline
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A Divided Empire
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Rulers of the Roman Empire
Constantine
Licinius
Maximinus
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Licinius
Constantine
Now Rome no longer persecuted Christians. Christia
nity became the official religion of the empire.
He continued to persecute Christians. He battled
Constantine numerous times and lost control of
the
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New Rome

• In 330 Constantine won control of the Eastern
  Roman Empire and moved the Capital to the city of
  Byzantium, in modern-day Turkey.
• Constantine renamed the city to Constantinople
  which means the city of Constantine.

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Constantinople

• Constantinople was firmly in place as the new
  capital of the Roman Empire.

Byzantium aka Constantinople
Rome
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Rome ends with

• The last emperor was named ROMULUS Augustus.
• Germanic tribes continued to invade Rome. The
  Romans called these people Barbarians.
• The Eastern Roman Empire lasted for 1000 years
  after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.