Chapter%209%20-%20The%20Islamic%20World%20Section%202:%20The%20Spread%20of%20Islam

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Chapter 9 - The Islamic WorldSection 2 The
Spread of Islam
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Section 2 The Spread of Islam
Main Idea After Muhammads death, Islam spread
beyond the Arabian Peninsula, shaping a major
empire within 100 years. While the empire
eventually broke into smaller parts, Islam
continued to spread.

• Objectives
• How did Islam evolve after Muhammads death?
• What were key events of the Umayyad dynasty?
• What changes occurred under the Abbasid dynasty?
• What led to the end of the caliphates unity?

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I. Islam after Muhammads Death

• AD 632 - Muhammad died without naming a
• successor Abu Bakr was chosen as caliph

Muhammad and Abu Bakr visit poor Bedouins who
have no food to share until the Prophet makes
their ewe give milk
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I. Islam after Muhammads Death

• Abu Bakr built an army, unified Arabia,
• and led the Arab forces north

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I. Islam after Muhammads Death

• Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as caliph conquered
• the Persian Empire and Iraq

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I. Islam after Muhammads Death

• They failed to conquer the Byzantine Empire
• but took Syria, Jerusalem, Egypt

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II. Internal conflict and Division

• Uthman became next caliph, supported by
• Umayyad clan he was soon murdered

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II. Internal conflict and Division

• Disagreement over caliph split the Muslims
• when Ali became caliph, war broke out
• between Alis forces and the Umayyads

Ali ibn Abi ?alib (c.598-661) was the cousin and
son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and
ruled over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661
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II. Internal conflict and Division

• Ali was assassinated Umayyads took control
• and Muawiyah became caliph

Muawiyah First caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty
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II. Internal conflict and Division

• Muslims who accepted Muawiyah as caliph are
• known as the Sunni, or followers of the Sunna

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II. Internal conflict and Division

• Alis followers believed only his descendants
• should be caliphs - the Shia or party of Ali

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II. Internal conflict and Division

• The split became permanent when the
• Umayyads killed Alis son, Husayn

Mausoleum of Imam Husayn, Kerbala, Iraq
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• Now I Get It Sunni vs. Shia
• by Katie Couric
• Yahoo Global News Anchor Katie Couric explains
  why theres such bad blood between Sunni and Shia
  Muslims in Iraq.
• Sunni vs Shia Muslims

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II. Internal conflict and Division

• A third group emerged - the Sufi, Muslim
• mystics who lived simple lives centered on God

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Whirling Dervishes The Sufi Whirling Dervishes
of Istanbul - YouTube
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III. The Umayyad Dynasty

• Muslim rule spread under the Umayyad caliphs

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III. The Umayyad Dynasty

• Achievements
• Arabic was the official language
• Common currency
• First work of Islamic architecture - Dome of the
  Rock in Jerusalem

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Muhammad meets Gabriel on his night journey
The winged steed Buraq, carries Muhammad to the
"farthest mosque"
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IV. The Abbasid Dynasty

• 740s the Abbasids, led by descendants of
• Muhammads uncle, wiped out the Umayyads

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IV. The Abbasid Dynasty

• The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad
• Arab domination of the Muslim world ended

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IV. The Abbasid Dynasty

• Islam became a more diverse religion that
• attracted people of many different cultures

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V. The End of Unity

• European Christian armies weaken Muslim rule
  i.e. Spain, the Crusades

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V. The End of Unity

• 1055 Seljuk Turks rose to power and took
  control of Baghdad

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V. The End of Unity

• 1200 - Mamluks took control of Egypt and Syria

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V. The End of Unity

• 1258 - Mongols destroy Baghdad kill the Abbasid
  caliph the end of the caliphate