B2B EC and SCM: Supply Chain Management ????????

1
B2B EC andSCM Supply Chain Management ????????
6

• ??????.?????
• ???
• mailto ckfarn_at_mgt.ncu.edu.tw
• http//www.mgt.ncu.edu.tw/ckfarn
• 2008.08 updated

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B2B EC ?????

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3
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TSMC
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Intel
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• IT????????????
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6
???????????

• ??????????
• Disintermediation vs. Reintermediation
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??? Visibility

• ????????
• ??????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????
• ???????,??
• Focal?????
• Supplier???
• ???????

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???????????

• Coupling OR uncoupling?
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• ??????,?????????
• ?????ltgt?????
• ?????ltgt????

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????? A ????? (MRO) B ???? eProcurement
????? C ???? D ????
????
MRO Maintenance, Repair and Operations
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????

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• ????
• Dynamic pricing
• ?????

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Marketplaces Direction of trade
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?????? eMarkets

• ?????????????
• Private market, private hub
• ?????
• ?????
• Public exchange

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????2

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• ?? General Electric, Target
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???????????

• ?????? Virtual Hierarchy
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??

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• ????120?
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• ????120?? 30?
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• ????5,??????????????7.5???

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???? The Bullwhip Effect
??????????
????
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??????????
????
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Source Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and
Value Chain Management, 1998
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• ???????JIT?????
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??????

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• JIT Just-in-time
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????????

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Manufacturer
orders
Distributor
sell-through
Store
Store
Store
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???? The Bullwhip Effect
????
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??????

• ??????????
• POS?????
• ????
• ?????
• ??????
• ????
• ???????????
• Cross Docking
• ????
• VMI Vendor Managed Inventory

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?????? 1

• ????????????
• POS ???, QR, ???? (CP)
• ???????????????
• ??
• ??????
• ????

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???????
Manufacturer
orders
Distributor
sell-through
Store
Store
Store
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????

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• ?????????????

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
100 110 80 75 120 120
110 90 80 100 110 110
90 95 110 115 100 120
95 100 110 100 110 120
100 110 120 100 110
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?????????1

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• ??

Supplier
Focal
Buyer
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?????????2

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Supplier
Focal
Buyer
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??????

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?????????????

• Order-based operation
• Vendor-managed inventory (VMI)

Buyer
Planning Inventory mgmt Purchase
order Reception Warehousing
Seller
Inventory mgmt Warehousing Sales
order Delivery Planning
Buyer
Planning Inventory mgmt Purchase
order Reception Warehousing
Seller
Planning Inventory mgmt Warehousing Sales
order Delivery
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???????

• ???? e-Procurement
• ?????????????????
• ???? e-Forecast
• ???? e-Logistics
• ?????????
• ???? e-Design collaboration
• ???? e-Quality
• ???? e-Billing, e-Payment, e-Financing
• ??????,????????????

45
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46
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????????2

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?????????

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• ??ERP?????????????
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???????
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?????? 2

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• CPAR, CPFR

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CPFR ??????????

• 1990??, Wal-Mart ? Warner-Lambert ?????
• ????? VICS (Voluntary Interindustry Commerce
  Standards ) ??CPFR??
• ??
• ????
• ????
• ?????

Develop front-end agreement
Create joint business plan
Create sales forecast
Identify and resolve exceptions
Create order forecast
Identify and resolve exceptions
Order generation
Source www.cpfr.org
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What is CPFR?

• A business practice that combines the
  intelligence ofmultiple trading partners in the
  planning and fulfillmentof customer demand.
• CPFR links sales and Marketing best practices,
  such as category management, to supply chain
  planning and execution processes to increase
  availability while reducing inventory,
  transportation and logistics costs.
• 1. Collaborative Planning
• 2. Collaborative Forecasting
• 3. Collaborative Replenishment

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Business Process Model- Generic (1998) ????
CP
1. Frond-End Agreement
??????
2. Joint-Business Plan
????????
????????
SF
CF
3. Create Sales Forecast
??????????
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4. Identify SF exception
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5. solve SF exception
OF
6. Create order Forecast
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POS??
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7. Identify OF exception
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8. solve OF exception
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CR
9. Order Generation
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CPFR reference model
CPFR 2004
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CPFR Tasks
????????
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tasks 1 Collaboration Arrangement
1.?????????

• Collaboration Arrangement
• Sets the business goals for the relationship.
• Defines the scope of collaboration.
• Assigns roles, responsibilities, checkpoints and
  escalation procedures.

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tasks 2 Joint Business Plan

• Joint Business Plan
• Promotions.
• Inventory policy changes.
• Store opening/closing.
• Product introduction.

2.????????
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tasks 3 Sales Forecasting

• Sales Forecasting
• Projects consumer demand at the point of sale.

3.????????
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tasks 4 Order Planning/Forecasting

• Order Planning/Forecasting
• Determines future product ordering and delivery
  requirements base upon
• The sales forecast
• Inventory positions
• Transit lead times
• Other factors, Depending on relationship.

4.????????
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tasks 5 Order Generation

• Order Generation
• Transitions order forecasting to firm demand
  through an automated or release process.

5.??????
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tasks 6 Order fulfillment

• Order fulfillment
• The process of producing, packaging, shipping,
  delivering, and stocking products for customer
  purchase.

6.??????
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tasks 7 Exception Management

• Exception Management
• Evaluates planning and execution data against
  predefined tolerances and thresholds.
• Alerts collaboration participants to out-of-bound
  conditions.
• Provides an exception resolution process in which
  plans are adjusted or operational changes are
  made.

7.??????
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tasks 8 Performance Assessment

• Performance Assessment
• Use key metrics to
• Evaluate the achievement of business goals.
• Uncover trends.
• Develop alternative strategies.

8.????????
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??????

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CPFR ???
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???????
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???????????
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Demand-Driven Supply Network
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CPFR ???1
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CPFR ???2
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CPFR ?????
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??????????
Factory PO
Factory PO 2W Lead Time
Asia Buying Office
Head Office
Factory PO
Receiving
ASN
US DC
Asia Warehouse Consolidation Yard
Asia Factory
Replenishment 5 Day Lead Time
Store
Inventory
Production
6W
6W
4W
4W
4W
Import Warehouse
Factory
On Water
Store
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Complete Supply Chain Visibility
Weekly Store Sales
Monthly Store Sales
Monthly DC Demand
Monthly DC Demand Forecast
Monthly DC Supply
Monthly DC On Hand Qty Day On Hand
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8 Inventory Turnover
Test Rite Logistics Operation Summary Period
August,05 August,06
8DC Inventory Yearly Turnover Rate
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Warehouse Inventory Reduction
Test Rite Logistics Operation Summary Period
August,05 August,06
Store Count 2500 2500 2200
Average In Stock 97.5 95.6 98.5
Average Turn/Year 10.5 9.6 8.8
80
2006 Storage Business Performance
2005 2006
Retail Sales (USD) 31.4M 43.9M 39.80
Store Instock 92.16 95.17 3.26
Retail Turn 5.6 6.49 15.89
Net Margin 42.32 46.46 9.78
Avg Lead Time (day) 4.8 3.33 45.45
Order Fill Rate 89.73 95.13 6.00
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???????

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• Track and trace
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• ??90?,10???????
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?????

• ???????so what?
• ???????????????????
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• ????????Conditional Probability
• ?????????
• ???????????

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????

• ??????????
• ???? store-and-forward
• ???????
• ???? value-added-logistics
• ?????????????
• ?????????????? 3PL

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?????

• ???? LSP
• Logistics service provider
• ?????? 3PL
• 3rd party logistics
• ????????????
• ?????? 4PL
• 4th party logistics
• ?????????

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?????
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88
?????????????

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• ???????
• ??????? / ????
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?????????
Source Steve Harmon (Kimberly-Clark), John
Fedorchak (Maersk), Global Logistics
Management How to Gain Visibility and Avoid
Errors, U Connect 2007.
90
??
91
???????????

• Average Global Bunker Prices increased 121 from
  2002 to 2006 YTD July, 29 year-on-year in 2006
  YTD July.
• Maersk Line spent close to 2 billions on ocean
  bunker in 2005.
• Additional 20 increase in bunker expense is
  expected in 2006 due to further fuel price hikes.

92
??????
93
????????

• Total U.S. volume in 2010 is expected to equate
  to 237,000 more TEUs per week
• Terminal capacity will be exceeded.
• More trucks will be required.
• Rail system will need additional cars, engines
  and trackage.
• Highway system will need to be expanded.
• More jobs will be created.

Source Steve Harmon (Kimberly-Clark), John
Fedorchak (Maersk), Global Logistics
Management How to Gain Visibility and Avoid
Errors, U Connect 2007.
94
?????

• ??????????
• ???????????
• VMI Vendor Managed Inventory
• ????????
• DSD Direct Store Delivery

95
???????????--?????????
96
????????

• PLM Product Life-cycle Management
• ????????
• PDM Product Data Management
• ??????
• ?????????
• ????? CAD Computer Aided Design

97
????????

• ??
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• ??????????????????
• ???BOM????BOM??
• ??SOP
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• ECN??????
• ????
• ????

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100
???????

• ???? OEM/CM
• ????????? (per contract)
• ??
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????
101
????

• OEM
• ????????????
• ODM
• ????
• ????????,?CM??
• CDM
• ?????
• ?????????

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OEM?????
????HP
103
ODM???????
????HP
104
ODM???????
????HP
105
CDM?????
????HP
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CDM???

• Collaborative Design and Manufacturing
• ???????
• ???????????????
• ????sourcing
• ?OEM???
• ??????
• ????????--??????

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???????(???)
??
CM
???
CM
CM
CM
CM Contract Manufacturer
108
?????????????
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????Design collaboration

• ?????????
• ??time to market, time to volume
• ????????
• PDM
• ????
• ???????
• ??????
• ECN,
• ??????????

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??????????

• ??????Online design collaboration
• ??????-Collaborative sourcing
• ????????-Co-developing core technology
• ERP integration
• Design for X(DFX)

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???????DFX

• Design for X
• eXcellence
• Manufacturability
• Maintainability
• Quality
• Reliability
• Logistics
• Disposal
• Environment
• ???,??????????

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??????

• ????
• Part sourcing
• Design Specification/BOM
• Design diagrams
• Engineering change
• Customer requests
• ?????
• On Line Collaboration
• Design Process/Control
• Diagrams Mgt./Documents Mgt.
• ????

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????

• ????
• Lower product costs throughout the total life
  cycle
• Better product quality
• Shorter time-to-market
• ????
• Early Involvement
• Joint Decision Making
• Relationship Improvement
• ????
• Innovation Quality
• Innovation Numbers
• Access to New Technology Complementary Skills

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115
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• 1999?,?????IAeB(???????????)??
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• ???AB???CDE??
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116
A?B?C?D?E?????
??? ??? ?????? ????
??? ?? ?? ???
A??
B??
C??
D??

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E??

117
??????

• B2B ????
• ???????B2Bi
• ??????RosettaNet(??? http//www.rosettanet.org)
• CPFR
• ???????????????

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????B2B ???(IOS)

• ????(Focal)?????
• ???ERP?????
• ???SCM EC server (?? / ??)
• Focal??????????
• Web-based
• Information Exchange
• Process integration
• ??????????????????
• ???????

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???????-Focal(1)
ERP Server
EC Server
XML??
ERP
120
???????-Focal(2)
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?????????-??(1)
ERP/MIS
ERP
Browser
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?????Process Integration??
???
Rosettanet/XML
Focal
ERP
XML
EC Server (Enterprise Ver.)
EC Server (Standard Ver.)
Internet
ERP
XML
RosettaNet PIPs
123
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124
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• ??????(?????????)?????,????(????????????)
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• ????Process integration

125
??????

• ??????????(??,????)
• ????????(???)???(?ftp, e-mail)
• EDI
• ?????????
• ???????
• ????UN/EDIFACT?
• EOI- EDI over Internet
• HTML (??)
• XML
• ????(?RosettaNet, ebXML)

126
???????(Markup Language)

• Markup is a method of conveying metadata (that
  is, information about a dataset).
• Markup Language use string literals, or tags,
  to delimit and describe this data.
• ??????????????
• printer typesetting, proofreader, punctuation,
  ASCII, C, RTF

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Example HTML Document
ltHTMLgt ltH1 ALIGNCENTERgt??lt/H1gt ltFONT FACE
size2gt???lt/FONTgt ltFONT FACE size2gt??lt/FONTgt ltFON
T FACE size2gt????lt/FONTgt ltFONT FACE
size2gt???lt/FONTgt
128
Example XML Document
extended data tags
lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"Big5" ?gt lt????gt
lt??gt??????????,??? 2 ?lt/??gt lt??gt
lt??gt12478943lt/??gt lt??gtIBM 240lt/??gt
lt??gt58,455lt/??gt lt??? ??"http/www.ibm.com.t
w/product/nb/tp240"gtThinkPad 240lt/???gt
lt/??gt lt??gt lt??gt83424723lt/??gt lt??gtDell
A123lt/??gt lt??gt58,999lt/??gt lt???
??"http//www.dell.com.tw/product/nb/a123"gtNB
A123lt/???gt lt/??gt lt/????gt
129
XML???

• ???? open, platform-independent
• Vocabulary ???Application Domain ??tag
• An XML vocabulary is a description of XML data
  that is used as the medium for information
  exchange, often within a specific domain of human
  activity(business, chemistry, law, music, for
  example)
• Program Readable
• ?XML is not a programming language, nor an
  object-based system, nor an operating system. It
  is a powerful, elegant technique for thinking
  about, exchanging, and presenting data in a
  platform-independent manner.

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XML????

• XML???????????
• HTML Interpreter ? XML Parser
• XML?Hypertext????Application??
• Application Software ? Browser Software
• XML???????,???????????

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Client Side of Web-XML
Browser
URL
Application
Parser
Present-ation Module
Valid- ater
Document Handler
XML File
HTTP Server
132
RosettaNet

• RosettaNet is a consortium of major Information
  Technology, Electronic Components and
  Semiconductor Manufacturing companies working to
  create and implement industry-wide, open
  e-business process standards.
• Cluster 0 RosettaNet Support
• Provides administrative functionality
• Cluster 1 Partner, Product and Service Review
• Allows information collection, maintenance and
  distribution for the development of
  trading-partner profiles and product-information
  subscriptions

133
RosettaNet

• Cluster 2 Product Information
• Enables distribution and periodic update of
  product and detailed design information,
  including product change notices and product
  technical specifications
• Cluster 3 Order Management
• Lets partners order catalog products, create
  custom solutions, manage distribution and
  deliveries, and support product returns and
  financial transactions
• Cluster 4 Inventory Management
• Enables inventory management, including
  collaboration, replenishment, price protection,
  reporting and allocation of constrained product
  

134
RosettaNet

• Cluster 5 Marketing Information Management
• Enables communication of marketing information,
  including campaign plans, lead information and
  design registration
• Cluster 6 Service and Support
• Provides post-sales technical support, service
  warranty and asset management capabilities
• Cluster 7 Manufacturing
• Enables the exchange of design, configuration,
  process, quality and other manufacturing floor
  information to support the "Virtual
  Manufacturing" environment

135
RosettaNet PIP

• Partner Interface Process (PIP)
• message guidelines and XML DTD's (Document type
  definition).
• Understand what the PIP number represents.
• A PIP number has 3 parts  a number a letter
  another number.  Example 3A4
• The first number represents the Cluster.   PIP
  3A4 is in Cluster 3.
• The letter represents the Segment.  PIP 3A4 is in
  Segment A of Cluster 3.
• The second number is a sequential number which
  completes the PIP number.  PIP 3A4 is the 4th PIP
  in Segment A of Cluster 3.

136
RosettaNet 3A4 PIP
137
RosettaNet 3A4 PIP
RN 3A4
138
ebXML

• ?????????????
• ?XML???
• ?????EDI??????
• ?????
• ???????????? repository
• ???????????

139
ebXML Repository