Title: Emission data needs for international reporting and assessments
1Emission data needs for international reporting
and assessments
- Joint UNECE and EIONET workshop on emission
inventories and projections - 6-8 May 2002, Cordoba, Spain
-
- André Jol
- European Environment Agency
2Contents
- Why do we need emission inventories and
indicators? - What are main reporting requirements?
- Are we making progress in streamlining and
harmonising? - How can emission data be of use for assessments?
- Future developments?
3Why do we need emission inventories and
indicators?
- Quantify the pressures and to assess, by air
quality modelling, the impacts on the state of
the environment, on human health and on materials
- Develop abatement strategies and prioritise
policies and measures for the main source
categories (sectors) in a cost-effective way
(integrated assessment) - Monitor the effects of implemented policies and
measures (reduced or avoided emissions and
reduced impacts) at various levels (individual
company, sectors, national, international) - Monitor the level of integration of environmental
concerns into sectoral policies and economic
accounting - Inform policymakers and the public using
indicators
4Data quality demands are still increasing
- Increasing demand for timely and high quality
data for all user needs - reliable (accurate) detailed trends (use of the
best scientific methodology) - consistent over time (preferably use of the same
method for the complete time series) - comparable between countries (use of same source
categories) - complete (covering all major source sectors in
the geographic area of concern) - transparent (assumptions and methodologies used
should be clearly explained and documented)
5Main emission reporting requirements (1)UNFCCC
and EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism
- UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol and Marrakech Accords
(CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and carbon sinks) - EU Council Decision on a GHG Monitoring Mechanism
(to be revised in 2002) - Annual reporting of greenhouse gas UNFCCC by 15
April (N-15 months) and EU by 31 December (N-12
months). Same guidelines and methodologies for
FCCC and EU - UNFCCC Guidelines and Common Reporting Format,
being revised during 2002 - 1996 IPCC Guidelines and Good Practice Guidance
and Uncertainty Management - LULUCF (carbon sinks) Guidance being developed
- EU needs to compile an annual inventory (15 MS)
6Main emission reporting requirements (2) UNECE
CLRTAP and EU NEC
- UNECE CLRTAP and Protocols (acidifying
pollutants, ozone precursors, HM, POPs,
particulates) - EU National Emission Ceiling Directive
(acidifying pollutants, ozone precursors) - Annual reporting by 31 Dec (N-12 months) (15
Feb). EU NEC first reporting by 31/12/2002 - Same guidelines and methodologies for FCCC and
EU - New CLRTAP Draft Reporting Guidelines (NFR, more
harmonised with CRF) - EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory
Guidebook (third edition 2001) - EU needs to compile an annual inventory (15 MS)
7Main other reporting requirements EU GHG MM and
EU NEC
- EU GHG MM, annual reporting on (updates of)
national programmes (national communications
FCCC) with - GHG emission projections for 2010 with measures
(baseline), with additional measures,
underlying data - Policies and measures and their effectiveness
- Specific MM Guidelines
- EU NEC Directive
- First report on national programmes, 1 October
2002 (update by 1 Oct 2006) - Annual reporting of projections for 2010
8Main emission reporting requirements Other EU
legislation
- Large Combustion Plant Directive SO2, NOx
(annual) - Directive on the limitation of emissions of VOC
- Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
(IPPC) Directive and Commission Decision on a
European Pollutant Emission Register. Pollutants
37 to air, 26 to water. Guidance document is
available (2000). First reporting in 2003
(3-yearly).
9Are we making progress in streamlining and
harmonising?
- Harmonisation between CLRTAP/NFR and UNFCCC/CRF
was a step forward and frequency of reporting is
in line - Potential remaining problems (geographical scope
definition of transport emissions large point
sources)? - To increase confidence in data possibly review
process required in LRTAP similar to UNFCCC - EEA aims at improving data flow between
countries, the Commission, Eurostat, the
Conventions and to EEA - EEA provides support to EEA member countries
(CollectER/ReportER, COPERT III) and through
workshops
10How can emission data be of use for assessments?
- CAFE Baseline scenario (emission projections)
- Consistency needed between CAFE base year
emissions and inventory data (for 2000), also for
underlying activity data and socio-economic
scenarios (PRIMES) - Consistency between source categories for
inventories and for scenarios (usually more
aggregated) - Inventory knowledge on technological developments
(e-factors) can be useful for projections - Use of emission data in EEA indicator reports
(Signals) and sectoral reports (TERM, EER).
11Objective restrain transport growth
Trends in tonne-km and GDP, EU 15
Source Eurostat, 2001
Transport growth strongly linked to GDP growth
12Objective improving transport eco-efficiency
Trends in transport and its environmental
pressures, EU 15
Sources Eurostat, 2001 EEA, 2001
Transport CO2 emissions increased by 15
between 1990 and 1998
13Country targets and comparisons?
Transport NOx emissions change1990-1999
Transport CO2 emissions change 1990-1999
United Kingdom
Finland
Sweden
United Kingdom
Germany
Sweden
Luxembourg
Germany
Netherlands
France
Finland
Denmark
France
Italy
Denmark
Netherlands
Italy
Belgium
Belgium
Austria
Greece
Spain
Austria
Portugal
Spain
Ireland
Portugal
Greece
Ireland
EU-15
EU14
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Source EEA ETC-AE, 2000
14Objective fair and efficient pricing
Trends in transport energy consumption and fuel
prices, EU 15
Source Eurostat, 2001 CE 2000
Transport fuel price trends do not encourage
energy efficiency
15TERM challenges policy effectiveness and
prospective analyses
Million tonnes NOx
8
reference emissions
Shift petrol to diesel
7
3-way catalysts
6
Heavy duty vehicle emission standards (stage 1)
5
actual emissions
Emission standards passenger cars and heavy duty
vehicles
4
0
Source ETC-AE,2000
1986
1988
1990
1996
1998
1982
1984
1992
1994
Significant NOx reduction due to cleaner fuels
and technologies, but not sufficient to reach
EU targets
16Future developments
- New demands Kyoto Protocol, NECD, emissions to
water (EPER/IPPC) - National Inventory System involving all actors
(scientific organisations, national environmental
protection agencies, national statistical
institutes, industry and environmental NGOs) - Improved accessibility of the national activity
statistics - Further development of methodologies focus on
PM also heavy metals, POPs emissions to water. - Increasing need to link inventories and
scenarios/emission projections through
cooperation with integrated assessment
experts/modellers