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POPULATION PYRAMIDS FOR THE UNITED STATES AND SELECTED U.S. COMMUNITIES Laredo has ... Austria s negative growth means a future with fewer workers to support social ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Topic: Population Pyramids


1
Topic Population Pyramids
  • Aim What can the analysis of Population Pyramids
    reveal about a country?

2
  • Population Structure
  • Fertility and mortality vary not only spatially
    but also temporally within a country.
  • A special bar graph known as a population pyramid
    can visually display a countrys distinctive
    population structure.
  • X-axis
  • Percent male displayed to the left of zero
  • Percent female displayed to the right of zero
  • Y-axis
  • Age cohorts typically grouped in 5-year intervals
  • Youngest displayed at bottom and oldest at top

3
Age/Sex Distribution
  • Sex Ratio Number of males per hundred females in
    the population
  • More males are born each year, but they have
    lower life expectancy
  • Varies greatly from country to country
  • Examples
  • Europe and North America 95100
  • Rest of World 102100

Russia and other European countries have high
percentages of elderly people who need pensions,
health care, and other services.
4
Age Distribution
  • Dependency Ratio number of people who are either
    too old or too young to work (dependents),
    compared with those people in their productive
    years
  • The higher the dependents, the greater the
    financial burden on working population

Dependency Ratio 0-14 Dependents 15-64
Workers 64 Dependents
5
Population Pyramids
  • A countrys stage in Demographic Transition gives
    it a distinctive population structure that
    displays age and gender of a given population
  • Males are on left, females on right.
  • Youngest people on base of pyramid and older
    people at the top
  • The shape of a countrys population pyramid tell
    a lot about the country

6
  • Each 5 year group with the youngest 0-4 years old
    at the base of the pyramid are called cohorts.
  • A wide-based pyramid indicates a country in Stage
    2 of the Demographic transition.

7
For wealthier countries, the chart is shaped like
a lopsided vase. Population is aging, TFRs are
declining.
8
For poorer countries, the chart is shaped like a
pyramid. Infant mortality rates are high, life
expectancy is shorter.
9
  • Four Patterns of Population Structure
  • Each nation faces different problems due to a
    large base with many young or negative growth.

10
POPULATION PYRAMIDS FOR THE UNITED STATES AND
SELECTED U.S. COMMUNITIES Laredo has a broad
pyramid, indicating higher percentages of young
people and fertility rates. Lawrence has a high
percentage of people in their twenties because it
is the home of the University of Kansas. Naples
has a high percentage of elderly people,
especially women, so its pyramid is upside down.
11
Population of Germany, 1989
Germanys population profile is that of a wealthy
core country that has passed through the post war
baby boom and has a low birthrate. Note the
impact of the losses of World War I and World War
II.
12
  • Attendants or pushers on the Japan Train
    system. Despite having a declining population,
    Japan has a very high population density.

13
JAPANS CHANGING POPULATION PYRAMIDS Japans
population pyramid has shifted from a broad base
in 1950 to a rectangular shape. In the future,
the bottom of the pyramid is expected to contract
and the top to expand.
14
Slow Growth
  • A country in stage 4 of the Demographic
    Transition Model
  • Large number of older people
  • Smaller of young people

15
No Growth
  • End of stage 4, entering Stage 5
  • Large number of older people
  • Very small of young people

16
Affect of AIDS on population pyramid for South
Africa. Predicted population for 2035, without
and with AIDS. With AIDS, looks like a population
chimney.
17
  • AIDS is leaving large numbers of AIDS orphans.

18
  • 1995 Population Pyramids reflect the economic
    prosperity of Western Europe and the less
    developed countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. In
    the mid-1990s almost 50 of Africas population
    was under 15 years of age.
  • By contrast the number of people 65 and older in
    Western Europe is 5 times that of sub-Saharan
    Africa.

19
What do these pyramids reveal about their
respective nations? List all the information you
can surmise, both explicit and implicit.
20
Age Structure of a Population
  • The populations of many areas are aging. Europe
    and Japan are good examples, whereas some nations
    have very young populations (e.g. - Iran where
    the median age is 26.4 years for males)

Bordeaux, France
21
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