Title: ?a???s?as? st? ?
1?a???s?as? st? ?µ?µa ??????s?? ?e???????a?,
????sa 6/5/2008
?e??ßa????t??? ??a?e???s? ?a? ?p??e???µat???t?ta
??t????? Sa?t?et????
?a?ep?st?µ?? ?a?ed???a?
2???s?µ? ???pt???
- Development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs. (Brundtland
Commission, 1987) - ? ???? a??pt??? a?af??eta? st??? apa?a?t?t???
???????????????µ????? µetas??µat?sµ??? ?? ?p????
?d????? se µ?a p?? ep???µ?t? ????????? ?at?stas? - ???e? ?µfas? ??? µ??? st??? st?????, a??? ?a?
st?? d?ad??as?a ?a? sta µ?sa ep?te???? t?? st???? - ?µpe????e? p???t??? (?s?t?ta, d?µ???at????
?esµ??) ?a? ??? µ??? p?s?t??? st???e?a
3???s?µ? ???pt???
- ????e? ?ate????se?? d?e????s?? t?? ?????a? t??
a??pt???? - (?) ? a??pt??? p??pe? ?a e?d??e? µe t?? e???te??
d??at? t??p? s?µpe???aµß????ta? µeta?? ?????
????????? ?a? pe??ßa????t??? ??µata ?a? ??? µ????
??????µ???, ?a?
4???s?µ? ???pt???
- (?) ? a??pt??? p??pe? ?a ep?t?????eta? µe t??p?
?ste ?a µ?? µe???e? t?? d??at?t?te? t??
µe????t???? ?e?e?? (d?a?e?ea?? ?s?t?ta) e??
s???????? ?a d?asfa???e? t?? e?d??e?ea?? ?s?t?ta
(e???e??? t?? ft??e?a? st?? a?apt?ss?µe?e?, ?a?
µe??s? t?? e?s?d?µat???? a??s?t?t?? st??
a?ept??µ??e? ???e? ) - ? e?d??e?ea?? ?s?t?ta e??a? p???p??es? t??
d?a?e?ea???
5??????µ??? ?a? ???s?µ? ???pt???
- ? ???s?µ? ???pt??? ?a? ta ??????µ??? t??
?e??ß?????t?? de? e??a? ta?t?s?µe? ?????e? - ?a ??????µ??? t?? ?e??ß?????t?? st??e???? st??
ap?d?t???t?ta, ßas????ta? se ???st???
(utilitarian) ????? ?a? ?d????? st??
µe??st?p???s? t?? pa???sa? a??a? - ? ???s?µ? ???pt??? e??a? µ?a p???t??? ?de?????a
µe p??? µe?a??te?? e???? - ?a??? ?µ?? ? ap?d?t???t?ta e??a? ??a p???
s?µa?t??? ??t??µe?? t?? ß??s?µ?? a??pt????, ta
??????µ??? t?? pe??ß?????t?? e??a? ??a p???
???s?µ? e??a?e?? ep?te???? t?? st???? t??
ß??s?µ?? a??pt????
6??????µ??? ?a? ???s?µ? ???pt???
- ?? ?a? ? ???s?µ? ???pt??? ap???eta? p??a ap? ta
??????µ???, ? ???d?? t?? ??????µ???? ?a? t??
??a?e???s?? t?? ?e??ß?????t?? ??e? a?a??se?
µe???? ap? ta ????a ?a?a?t???st??? t?? se d??f??a
ep?peda - ??e????
- ??a? a????t?? ??????µ?a?
- ???µ??a??a?
- ?p??e???s??
7??????µ??? ?a? ???s?µ? ???pt???
- ?. T?µata se ??e???? ep?ped?
- S?µßat?t?ta e?e??e??? eµp????? ?a? ß??s?µ??
a??pt???? sta p?a?s?a e??? ate???? p?a?s??? - ? ep????? t?? pe??ßa????t???? ??µ??es?a? e??a?
µ???? - ?a pe??ßa????t??? ???a ep??e????? ???? t??
?e???af??? ep????? t?? ep??e???se?? - ?ßeßa??t?ta ??a t?? ?p??es? t?? Porter
- ?????? t?? p???e?????? (e?e???t???, d?e??e??
s?µß?se??) - ?? e?e??e?? eµp???? ?e???? ??e? a???t???
ap?te??sµata st?? ???s? ????????st?? p???? - ????µe?e?? ?e??ßa????t???? S?µß?se?? ?a?
?a???sµ??? ???a??sµ?? ?µp?????
8??????µ??? ?a? ???s?µ? ???pt???
- ?. T?µata se ep?ped? a????t?? ??????µ?a?
- ??as???sµa t?? e?????? ???a??asµ??
- ??t??s? t?? ??? ?? ?a?a??? e?????? ?f??e?a?
(µ???st? ß??s?µ? a??a? t?? ?????????? ?f??e?a? ?
ß??s?µ? e?s?d?µa) - ?a pe??ßa????t??? st??ta?t d?µ???????? ??se??
e??as?a? a??? p??? ???e? - ?etaf????ta? f????????? ep?ß????s? ap? t?
a????p??? st? f?s??? ?ef??a?? µp??e? ?a ?d???se?
??se?? e??as?a? - ?? pe??ßa????t???? f???? (p.?. st?? e????e?a)
?a??? ?a? ?? µetaß?ß?s?µe? ?de?e? e?p?µp?? e??a?
a?t?st??fa p???de?t????
9??????µ??? ?a? ???s?µ? ???pt???
- G. T?µata se ep?ped? ß??µ??a????? ???d??
- ???µ??a???? at???µata ?a? d?sf?µ?s? ???d??
- ???t?a pe??ßa????t???? te???????a? (???et? ?a?
??????t?a ????????s?) - S??e??as?a µe t??? ?ata?a??t?? ?a? p??µ??e?t??
?a? ??e? epe?d?se?? ????t?a ??a t?? a??a??
p?????t?? ?a? d?ad??as??? pa?a????? - ??d??e? s?µpe??f???? se ep?ped? ß??µ??a?????
???d?? (Business Charter for Sustainable
Development, Coalition for Environmentally
Responsible Economies, ??p)
10?p??e???se?? ?a? ?e??ß?????
- ?? ep??e???se?? (p??pe? ?a) e??a? ? ?????? µ?????
t?? ß??s?µ?? a??pt???? - ?? 1,000 µe?a??te?e? ep??e???se?? ?s?d??aµ??? µe
t? 70 t?? pa???sµ??? ??? - ???????? t??? f?s????? p????? ?a? t?? te???????a
- ?p??e????? p??? t?? ep?????? t?? ?ata?a??t??
- ????? s?µa?t???tat? p???t??? ep?????
- St???? t?? ep??e???se?? de? e??a? ? µe??st?p???s?
t?? ?????????? e??µe??a? a??? t?? ?d??? ???d??? - St?? e?e??e?? a???? ? ep????? t?? p?????t?? ?a?
t?? pa?a??µ???? p?s?t?t?? ?ate????eta? ap? t?
???d??
11?p??e???se?? ?a? ?e??ß?????
- ?sfa??? ?? p???te? (?µesa ?? ?ata?a??t??) ?a?
?µµesa ?? ??ß????s? p??pe? ?a e??????? t??
ep??e???se?? - ?µesa µe t?? ?ata?a??t??? ?a? epe?d?t???
s?µpe??f??? t??? ? ?p??a e??a? ??a? ap? t???
??????? ?????? e?e???t???? d??se?? t??
ep??e???se?? - ? ??ß????s? µp??e? ?a ???se? t?? ep??e???se?? se
ep?????? ß??s?µ?? a??pt???? µ?s? - ?e??ßa????t???? f????
- ?????? ??a d??a??µata ?d???t?s?a? (µetaß?ß?s?µe?
?de?e? e?p?µp??) - ?µese? d?????t???? ???µ?se??
- ???a?e?a ap?d?s?? e?????? (liability instruments)
12?p??e???se?? ?a? ?e??ß?????
- ?a??µet??? ?? ?p??e? p??????? t?? ß??s?µ?
a??pt??? se ep?ped? ep??e???s?? - ???te?????
- ?e???a at???µata
- ??ße???t???? pa?eµß?se??
- ???s???? ?ata?a??t??
- ??es? t?? epe?d?t??
- Ste??t?ta ????? ap??????
- ????? ??st?? e?s?d??
- ?s?te?????
- ??a ????t???a d?????s??
- µe ?????????? e?a?s??s?e?
- ??es? t?? e??a??µ????
- F?ß?? epe???µe??? ??ße???t???? pa?eµß?se??
- ?e??s? ??st??? ap? p??s??e? te???????e?
- ???a???e? ???? a?????
- St?at?????? d?af???p???s??
- ?e??ßa????t??? S?st?µata ??a?e???s?? (EMS)
- ???s??? f?µ?
13??ße???t???? pa?eµß?se??
- ??ße???t???? pa?eµß?se??
- ?a???e? e?????? (Liability rules)
- F????, µetaß?ß?s?µe? ?de?e?, ?µes?? pe?????sµ??
- ???s?p??? e????? ??a ste???? ep??e???se?? p??a
ap? t?? e????e? t?? ep??e???s?? - ?????µ? e??d?? ?a?a??sµ??
- ??e???t???? s?µf???e?
- Ecolabelling
- ?p?d?t?s? p??s???? te?????????
? ??pa??? p?????e?
14???s???? ?ata?a??t??
- ?µes? p?es? ap? t??? ?ata?a??t??
- ??a p??s??? p????? apa?te? t?? ???s? ?s? t?
d??at?? ????te??? µ?-a?a?e?s?µ?? p???? ??a t??
pa?a???? t??, p??pe? ?a e??a? a?a?????s?µ?,
µa???? ???? ?a? ??? ep????d??? - ? p??s???? ?ata?a??t?sµ?? ?e????se t?? de?aet?a
t?? 80 st?? ??eta??a ?a? ?? ?d???? p?? e?d????a?
(Green Consumer Guide, 1988) ???µ?t??a?
s???e???µ??a p?????ta - ??t? ?d???se st?? d?µ??????a Ecolabelling (Blue
Angel) - ?? p??s???? ?ata?a??t?? e??a? d?ate?e?µ???? ?a
p????s??? ?????te?? t?µ? (???d? ??a t??
ep??e???se??) - ??t? ?d???se st?? p??s??? d?af?µ?s?
15???s???? epe?d?t??
- ?? d?a?e???st?? ???µat???????µ???? pa??t?? ?a?
e?d??? ?? ?esµ???? epe?d?t?? ta te?e?ta?a ?????a
s??e?t?µ??? t?? pa?????ta pe??ß????? - S?µa?t??? p??s??a pa??ta µet???? (µe ap?d?se??
p??? ap? t?? µ?s? ???) - ?? a????? de? ep?ß?aße???? ta ß?a???????a ???d?
ß??µ???? ep??e???se??
16???a?? st?? ????t???a d?????s??
- ?p? t? µ??a??st??? µ??t??? ?at? t? ?p??? ??
ep??e???se?? e??a? µ???de? µe s???e???µ?????
st????? ap?te???µe?e? ap? s??t???sµ??a µ???, s
??a µ??t??? ?at? t? ?p??? ?? ep??e???se?? e??a?
d??t?a ???s?? ????? eµfa?? f?s??? ???a - ? s?st?µ???? t??p?? s????? (a????ep?d??se??)
a?t??a??st? t?? ??aµµ??? t??p? s?????
(a?t??-ap?t??esµa) - ? s????? µe?????s? (a???s? pa?a??µe???
p?????t??) a?t??a??stata? ap? t?? ???p??
µe?????s? (ße?t??s? t?? p???t?ta? ????
µetas??µat????ta? t??? pe??ßa????t?????
pe?????sµ??? se e??a???e?) - ?????, d??a??s???, ?s?t?ta ?a? ?????????? ?f??e?a
e??a? d???e?? ?a? t?? ep??e???se?? - Corporate responsibility
17??es? ap? e??a??µe????
- ?? e??a??µe??? ???? s?????? ???t? st?? ??s? t??
ep??e???s?? - ?? e??a??µe??? de? ?????? ?a e??????ta? se
ep??e???se?? µe ?a?? f?µ?
??es? ap? µe????t??? ??µ??es?a
?? ep??e???se?? s?µµet????? se e?e???t????
s?µf???e? ??a ?a ap?f????? s?????te????
pe?????sµ??? ?a? ?a??te?? ??????? s?ed?asµ?
18?e??s? ??st???
- ?e??s? ???s?? p??t?? ????, e????e?a? ?a?
ap?ß??t?? ?d??e? se µe??s? t?? ??st??? - ????s? t?? ??????????? ?-ap?d?t???t?t?? (p.?.
???s? ???a????t???? µ???? ?ta? ??e???eta?) - ? ?p??es? t?? Porter (s?????te?? pe??ßa????t???
p???t??? ?d??e? se e?t???te?? a?ta????sµ?,
ße?t??s? t?? ?e?t?????a? ?a? µe??s? t?? ??st???)
a??µ? de? ??e? epa???e?te? e?? ?? ??????µ??????
e??a? d??asµ????
19??e? a????? ??a p?????ta
- ?a?ade??µata
- ?p??e???se?? a?a?????s??
- ?a?a????? ??e?t??sµ?? ap? s???p?d?t?p???
- ??µ??????? ?a?a??? te?????????
- ??af???p???s? p?????t?? (p.?. ???a???? p?????ta,
?????????? pe??t????µata) - ???p???t?s? ? ?a? d?µ??????a µ????? a????? (niche
markets) - ??????????? st?at??????
20S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? d?a?e???s??
- ?e t?? efa?µ??? s?st?µ?t?? pe??ßa????t????
d?a?e???s?? ep??e??e?ta? ? a??st?p???s? t??
??????????? s?µpe??f???? ????????? t??
ep??e???s?? - S?st?µata t?p?p???s??
- EMAS
- ISO 14000
- St???? ?a p??????? t?? s??e?? a???????s? ?a?
ße?t??s? t?? pe??ßa????t???? s?µpe??f???? t??
???a??sµ?? ?? ?p???? s?µµet????? - ?as??? st?d?a
- 1. ?e??ßa????t??? p???t??? 4. ??e????
- 2. S?ed?asµ?? 5. ??????t???? d??se??
- 3. ?fa?µ???
21S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? d?a?e???s??
- ???? ßas???? ? ????? t?? e??a??µ???? se ??a ta
st?d?a - ?p?d????µe?a ap?te??sµata
- ?p? t?? p?e??? t?? e?s????
- ?e??s? t?? ???s?? p??t?? ???? ?a? e????e?a?
- ?p??at?stas? µe a?a?e?s?µe? p???? ?a? ???s?
a?a?????µ???? ?????? - ?????????? e?a?s??te? p???t???? a?????
- ?p? t?? p?e??? t?? e?????
- ?e??s? t?? ??p?? ?a? e?p?µp??
- ?? d??at?? pa?a???? e?a??a?t???? p?????t??
- ?e??ßa????t??? f?????? s?s?e?as?e?
22???s??? f?µ?
- ?? ep??e???se?? µe f?µ? ??pa?t?? e??a? a?t?? p??
p??a??? ?a µe??s??? t?? pe??ßa????t????
ep?pt?se?? t??? pe??ss?te?? - ?? ep??e???se?? a?t?? ??e???eta? ?a ße?t??s???
t?? d?µ?s?a e????a t??? - Se a?t? ß???? t? ecolabelling ta s?st?µata
pe??ßa????t???? d?a?e???s?? ? ??p??a d?µ?s?a
desµe?t??? pe??ßa????t??? p???t??? t??
ep??e???s?? - ???s??? d?af?µ?s?
23?a?a?????? d?ad??as?a ?a? ?e??ß?????
- ???s?da pa?a?????-d?a??µ?? ?a? pe??ßa????t???
a??s?da
24?a?a?????? d?ad??as?a ?a? ?e??ß?????
- ?a????µ?s? p??ß??µ?t?? p?? s?et????ta? µe t??
a??s?da pa?a?????-d?a??µ??
25?a?a?????? d?ad??as?a ?a? ?e??ß?????
- 1. S?ed?asµ?? p?????t?? ?aµß????ta? ?p??? ??e?
t?? pe??ßa????t???? ep?pt?se?? ap? t?? ?????s?
?? t?? taf? (?????s? ?????? ????) - 2. ??t?µ?s? ?a? d?a?e???s? ???d???? (Risk
assessment and Management) ??a t?? p??????
at???µ?t?? - 3. ?e??ßa????t??? d?????s? (environmental
management) a?af??eta? st?? ???st??? p??s????s?
t?? s???????? p????aµµat?sµ?? pa?a????? ?a?
d?a?e???s?? p???? - 4. ?????et??? a????s? (location analysis) ??a
t?? s?st? ep????? t?? t?p?? e??at?stas??
26?a?a?????? d?ad??as?a ?a? ?e??ß?????
- ?a????µ?s? p??ß??µ?t?? p?? s?et????ta? µe t??
pe??ßa????t??? a??s?da
27?a?a?????? d?ad??as?a ?a? ?e??ß?????
- 1. ???t?a pa?a???????s?? t?? pe??ßa????t????
fa???µ???? µe a???µ??? ap?d?t???t?ta ?a? a????s?
?a? e?µ??e?a t?? µet??se?? (Te???a ???t???,
Stat?st???, ??p) - 2. ??t?µ?s? pe??ßa????t???? ep?pt?se??
(Environmental Impact Assessment) t?? a????p????
d?ast????t?t?? se (t?p???, pe??fe?e?a?? ?a?
pa???sµ?a) ????s?st?µata (GIS, µ??t??a p??ß?e???,
??p) - 3. ??a?e???s? f?s???? p???? (?d?t????, ed?f???,
atµ?sfa????? ??pa?s?, d?a?e???s? ap?ß??t??, ??p)
(??aµµ??? / d??aµ??? p????aµµat?sµ?,
p??????t???a?? a????s?, s?st?µata ?p?st??????
ap?f?se??, ??p) - 4. ?a???sµ?a p??ß??µata ?a? ß??s?µ? a??pt???
(Te???a ?a??????, S?st?µata ?p?st??????
?p?f?se??, ??p)
28??????????? s?ed?asµ??
- St???? t?? ??????????? s?ed?asµ?? e??a? ?
p?????? a?t? t?? dapa????? ?a? aß?ßa??? ?e?ape?a? -
- ?????????? ???t???a s?ed?asµ??
- 1. ??a?????s?
- 2. ?????e?a ???? (a?a???s? ?a? ep?s?e??)
- 3. ??e? ?????e? ???s?? (????? ???s?)
- 4. ?p?f??? ??pa?t??
- 5. ????????µ?s? e????e?a? ?a? p??t?? ????
- 6. ?e??s? s?s?e?as???
29??????????? s?ed?asµ??
- ?????f???e? s?et??? µe p?????µµata carsharing
- Carsharing in Europe and North America Past,
Present, and Future by Susan Shaheen, Daniel
Sperling, and Conrad Wagner Printed in
Transportation Quarterly (Summer 1998), Vol. 52,
Number 3, pp. 35 -52 - http//database.path.berkeley.edu/imr/papers/UCD-I
TS-RP-98-14.pdf - CarSharing networks in USA http//www.carsharing
.net/ - European CarSharing network http//www.carsharin
g.org/english/ -
30http//www.gen.gr.jp/
?????????? s?µa?s?
-
- St???? ? p????f???s? t?? ?ata?a??t?? s?et??? µe
- p?????ta p?? ????? t?? µ????te?? d??at? ep?pt?s?
- st? pe??ß?????
- ?pa?a?t?t? ? e?p???s? ?????s?? ?????? ????
- ??e???t??? s?µµet???
-
-
-
www.ecomark.jp/
http//europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ecolabel/ind
ex.htm
http//www.terrachoice.ca/
http//www.blauer-engel.de
http//www.mzopu.hr/
http//www.cpcb.delhi.nic.in/
http//www.ecolabel.dkNordic Swan Label
http//www.greenseal.org/
www.aela.org.au
31?????s? ?????? ????
- ?e??d?????a e?t?µ?s?? t?? s????????
pe??ßa????t???? ep?pt?se?? e??? p?????t?? ?
d?ast????t?ta? -
- St?d?a
- 1. ???sµ?? st???? ?a? e????? t?? a????s??
- 2. ?p???af?
- 3. ??t?µ?s? ep?pt?se??
- 4. ??t?µ?s? ße?t??se??
32?????s? ?????? ????
http//www.setac.org/lca.html
US EPAs Life-Cycle Assessment http//www.epa.gov
/ORD/NRMRL/lcaccess/
Associated Journal of UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle
Initiative http//www.scientificjournals.com/sj/lc
a
33??t?st??f? ef?d?ast???
- ??t?st??f? ef?d?ast??? (Reverse Logistics)
- ???s?da p?? a??????e? t? p????? µet? t?? ???s?
t?? - (?ata?a??t? µ???da a???t?s??)
- ???d? a???t?s?? (??????µ??? ????t?a)
- ?e??ßa????t??? ?f??? (pe??ßa????t??? ????t?a)
- ??µ??es?e? (e?????? ?????t????) p?? ?a??st???
?pe??????? t??? ?atas?e?ast?? ??a t?? a???t?s?
t?? p?????t?? t???
34??t?st??f? ef?d?ast???
- ??t?st??f? ef?d?ast???
- Reverse Logistics is the process of moving goods
from their typical final destination to another
point, for the purpose of capturing value
otherwise unavailable, or for the proper disposal
of the products. Reverse Logistics activities
include - processing returned merchandise for reasons such
as damage, seasonal, restock, salvage, recall, or
excess inventory - recycling packaging materials and reusing
containers - reconditioning, remanufacturing and refurbishing
products - obsolete equipment disposition
- hazardous material programs
- asset recovery.
- http//www.rlec.org/
35??t?st??f? ef?d?ast???
Recovery option Direct Reuse This type of
recovery involves products which do not receive
repair or upgrading but are cleaned and brought
to a state where they can be directly reused by
the customer. Examples are pallets, bottles,
e.c.t. Materials recycling In this type of
recovery, the product does not retain its
functionality. The purpose is to use some or all
of the materials from the returned goods. The
recovered materials may be utilized in the
production process of the original product or may
be inputs of other industries. Repair The
product/component is brought into the working
state after this recovery operation. The quality
of the repaired good is generally lower than the
quality of a new good. Refurbishing The
product/component is upgraded such that it meets
higher quality and/or operational standards than
the original product. Remanufacturing In this
type of recovery operation, the products are
completely disassembled and all modules and parts
are examined in detail. Worn out components are
either repaired or replaced with the new ones.
http//www.fbk.eur.nl/OZ/REVLOG/
36S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
- S?st?µ?t?? ?e??ßa????t???? ??????s??
(Environmental Management Systems (EMS)) ?a?
?e??ßa????t???? ?a?a???????s?? (Envirinmental
Auditing (EA)) - ? ?? a?apt?????e st? ???e?a ?µe???? sta 1970
- ???sµ?? t?? International Chamber of Commerce
(ICC) - ??a e??a?e?? d?????s?? p?? s??te?e? µ?a
s?st?µat???, st???e???et?µ???, pe???d??? ?a?
a?t??e?µe???? a???????s? t?? ?e?t?????a? t??
pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??, d?????s?? ?a? t??
µ??a??µ?t??, µe st??? ?a ß????s??? t?? f??a?? t??
pe??ß?????t?? µe t? ?a - 1. ??e????????? t?? d?????t??? ??e??? t??
pe??ßa????t???? p?a?t???? - 2. ?p?ßeßa?????? t?? efa?µ??? t?? p???t???? t??
ep??e???s??
37S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
- ?e t?? a??pt??? t?? s?st?µ?t?? pe??ßa????t????
d?????s?? e?e??????e ?a? ? pe??ßa????t???
pa?a???????s?. ?? ep?t??p?? t?? ISO sta 1990
?d?sa? µe???? ?µfas? st? ?a ?d??e? ?
pe??ßa????t??? pa?a???????s? st?? ??e???
ap?de???µ?? ?s????sµ?? (verifiable assertions) - ?ts? ???eta? ? ßas???? d?a????sµ?? µeta??
pe??ßa????t???? pa?a???????s?? (environmental
auditing) ?a? ep??e???s?? (environmental reviews)
? ?p??a te?e?ta?a de? apa?te? t?? ??e???
ap?de???µ?? ?s????sµ?? - ?as??? p???p??es? t?? pe??ßa????t????
pa?a???????s?? e??a? ? ?pa??? s?st?µat??
pe??ßa????t???? d?????s??
38S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
- ?a s?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? d?????s?? /
d?a?e???s?? (EMS) e??a? e?????? t?? s?st?µ?t??
d?????s?? ?????? p???t?ta? - ??a s?st?µa pe??ßa????t???? d?????s??
pe???aµß??e? - - ep????? ?a? st????? µ?a? ?at??????? p???t????
- - e?p????s? t?? pe??ßa????t???? st????
- - ep?t???? ep????????a µe ??a ta e?d?afe??µe?a
µ??? t?? ep?t???a? t?? p???t???? (p????s? ????
t?? st???? ?a? apa?t?se??)
39S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
Policy
Planning
Management Review
EMS Model
Implementation
Checking Corrective Action
40?a???s?as? ???? 5?? ??µ?? (?ef 5)
EMS Elements
- Policy Statement/Commitment
- Identification of Significant Environmental
Impacts - Development of Objectives and Targets
- Implementation Plan to Meet Obj. and Targets
- Checking and Follow-up
- Training
- Management Review
41S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
???????? S???O? ????O? ?G???????O?
???G????????S? ??? ???G??S
?????????T?S? ??S ???????S?S
??????OS? S???????
T?S??S? ??O? S???O?
?????????S? S???O?
???????O??? ?????S?O?
- ?e????af? e??? s?st?µat?? pe??ßa????t????
d?????s?? µ?a? ep??e???s??
42S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
- ?as??? st???e?a e??? s?st?µat?? pe??ßa????t????
d?????s?? - 1. S?ed?asµ??
- p??sd????sµ?? t?? s???????? st????
- ?ata???s? t?? pe?????sµ??
- a?a?????s? t?? ep?µ????? ?????
- ??sp?s? t?? s???????? ???a?????µµat??
- p??sd????sµ?? t?? apa?t??µe??? p????
- ep????? t?? µe??d?? d?????s?? t?? s?ed???
- e??at?stas? s?st?µat?? e?????? t?? p???d??
- 2. ?p?te??? d?sµe?s?? t?? ep??e???s??
-
-
43S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
3. ??e?a???? p??pa?as?e?ast???? e??tas?? ? s??p??
t?? e??tas?? e??a? ?a apa?t??e? t? e??t?µa p??
e?µaste t??a? - S?????? p????f????? (??µ??et????
apa?t?se??, e?t?µ?s? t?? pe??ßa????t????
ep?pt?se?? t?? ep??e???s??, e??tas? t?? p?a?t????
pe??ßa????t???? d?????s??) - ??t??es? t??
e??tas?? 4. ???pt??? e??? se?a???? ? s??p?? t??
se?a???? e??a? ?a apa?t??e? t? e??t?µa p??? ta
p?? ?a p??pe? ?a ???????µe? - ???ß?e?? t??
pe??ß?????t?? µ?sa st? ?p??? ?a ?e?t????e? ?
ep??e???s? st? µ????? (te?????????? a??a???,
d??at?t?ta µ?t??s? pe??ßa????t???? ??st???,
a??pt??? pe??ßa????t???? ep?st?µ??)
44S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
5. ???at?stas? µ?a? p???t???? -??µ?s??p???s? t??
pe??ßa????t???? p???t???? (??a es?te???? ?a?
e??te???? ???s?) 6. ??????s? ?a? ep?µe??sµ??
e?????? ?p?µe??sµ?? t?? ????? ?a? e?????? µ?sa
st?? ep??e???s?, ded?µ???? t?? d?µ??, t??
s?st?µat?? d?????s?? ?a? ????t???a? t??
ep??e???s?? 7. ??pa?de?s? ?a? ep?µ??f?s? S?ed?asµ
?? ep?µ??f?s?? ?a? e?pa?de?s?? t?? p??s?p????
ded?µ???? t?? ?????, e?????? ?a? ?p?????sa?
e?pa?de?s??
45S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
8. ??t?µ?s? t?? pe??ßa????t???? ep?pt?se?? t??
d?ast????t?t?? t?? ep??e???s?? ?a? t?? p?????t??
??t?µ?s? t?? ?µes?? a??? ?a? t?? ?µµes??
ep?pt?se?? st? pe??ß????? (a??a, ?e??, ?daf??,
ste?e? ap?ß??ta, ????ß??, µ???d???, s????, ???s?
???, e????e?a? ?a? ????? f?s???? p????) 9.
?p????????a µe ta e?d?afe??µe?a µ??? ?p????????a
µe ta e?d?afe??µe?a µ??? µ?sa ?a? ??? ap? t??
ep??e???s?) 10. S??e??? e??µ???s? s?et??? µe t??
pe??ßa????t???? ??µ??es?e? ?a? p???t????
46S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
11. ???pt??? st???? 12. ?at?st??s? s?ed???
ep?te???? t?? st???? 13. ?e?µ????s? t??
s?st?µat?? ? te?µ????s? t?? s?st?µat?? ap?ß??pe?
st?? pa???? p????f????? s?et??? µe pe??ßa????t???
s?µa?t???? d?ast????t?te? st??? e??a??µ????? 14.
??asf???s? ep??e???µat???? e??????, ep?ß?e??? ?a?
?ata??af?? ?e???aµß??e? (1) t?? s?ed?asµ? t??
ep?t??es?? t?? d?ast????t?ta?, (2) t?? e?t??es?
?at? t? s??d??, (3) t?? ep?ß?e?? t??
ap?te??sµat??, ?a? (4) t?? d?????s?
47S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
15. ?a?a???????s? ?s?te???? (??e???? ?e?t?????a?
t?? s?st?µat?? ap? t?? ep??e???s?) ?a? e??te????
pa?a???????s? (??e???? t???s?? t?? ???t?????
t?p?p???µ???? s?st?µ?t?? pe??ßa????t????
d?????s?? p?? p?a?µat?p?????ta? ap? e??te??????
???a??sµ???) 16. ?pa?e??tas? ?a? t??p?p???s? ??
s?st?µa p??pe? ?a e??a? ap? ?atas?e??? e??aµpt?
?ste ?a µp??e? ?a d??eta? s??e?e?? a??a??? se ??a
ta µ??? t?? 17. ??t?µ?s? ??st???-?f??e?a? 18.
?e??ßa????t???? e???se?? ?a? ep????????a
48 What is ISO?
S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
- International Organization for Standardization -
Not an acronym - "ISO" is a word, derived from the Greek isos,
meaning "equal. - From "equal" to "standard-- line of thinking
that led to the choice of "ISO" as the
organizations name.
49International Organization for Standardization
S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
- Worldwide federation of national standards bodies
from over 100 countries, one representative from
each country. - Non-governmental organization (NGO) established
in 1947, located in Switzerland.
50 ISO 14000 Family
S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
- A series of guidance documentsand standards to
help organizations address environmental issues. - 14001 Environmental Management Systems
- 14004 EMS general guidelines
- 14010 Guidelines for Environmental Auditing
- 14011 Guidelines for Auditing of an EMS
- 14012 Auditing - Qualification criteria
- 14020 Environmental Labeling
- 14030 Env. Performance Evaluation (EPE)
- 14040 Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)
51S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
EU Eco-Management and Audit Regulation ?? p??t?
s??d?? t?? EMAS pa???s??st??e t? 1991 e?? t?
te???? ?e?µe?? t? 1993 ?? ?a? t? Eco-Management
and Audit (EMAS) pa???s??st??e ap? ??a? EU
Regulation, ? s?µµet??? t?? ep??e???se?? se a?t?
e??a? --?p?? ?a? ??a ta ???a t?p?p???µ??a
s?st?µata-- e?e???t??? ?? (EMAS) a?apt?????e
?ste ?a d??e? µe?a??te?? ?µfas? st?? d?ad??as?a
pa?a???????s?? sta ?d? ?p?????ta s?st?µata
EMS ?a ßas??? st???e?a t?? EMAS e??a? ta ?d?a µe
a?t? p?? s???t?saµe pa?ap???
52S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
S?????s? t?? t?p?p???µ???? ???t????? ? ßas???
d?af??? µeta?? t?? EMAS ?a? t?? BS 5750 ?a? ISO
14000 e??a? ?t? t? EMAS apa?te? t?? d?µ?s?e?s?
e??? a??et? e?te???? e????f?? s?et??? µe t??
pe??ßa????t??? s?µpe??f??? t?? ep??e???s??
(public reporting) ?p?s?? apa?te? t?? s?µµet???
t?? e??a??µ????, p??apa?te? t?? e?p????s? ????
t?? ??µ??et???? apa?t?se?? ?a? t?? p??sp??e?a ??a
s??e?? ße?t??s? t?? ap?d?s??
53S?st?µata pe??ßa????t???? ??????s??
S?????s? t?? t?p?p???µ???? ???t?????
Public reporting
Employee involvement
ISO 14001
Legal compliance
Performance improvement
54?? EMAS t?? ?a?ep?st?µ??? ?a?ed???a?
- ?p? t? 2006 t? ?a?ep?st?µ?? ?a?ed???a? ??e?
p?st?p????e? ?at? t? p??t?p? EMAS. - ? ?ata????s? t?? e??a? ? 32? st?? ????da, e??
e??a? t? p??t? pa?/µ?? ?a? p??t?? d?µ?s???
???a??sµ?? p?? p?st?p??e?ta? st?? ????da. - ???a? t? 12? ?a?ep?st?µ?? st?? ????p? p?? f??e?
t?? p?st?p???s? ?at? EMAS. - ? p??sp??e?? t?? ?e??e?ta? p??t?p?? ?a? ??e?
p??ß???e? st?? ????pa??? ???s?
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