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The Thirty Years War 1618-1648 Phase 3: The Swedish Phase (1630-1635) After the Danish Defeat, the Catholics swarm over protestant Germany. The Augsburg peace is ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The%20Thirty%20Years%20%20%20War%201618-1648


1
The Thirty Years War 1618-1648
2
Warm Up Copy down these terms and leave space
next to each to fill in notes.Key names, terms,
and eventsDefenestration of PragueFerdinand
IIFrederick VChristian IVWallensteinEdict of
Restitution Cardinal Richelieu Gustavus
AdolphusPeace of WestphaliaResults/Effects of
the War on Europe
3
The Thirty Years War 1618-1648
4
  • The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main
    conflict was between the different states who had
    religious differences.
  • Heres the basics before we get started

5
It was a war over Catholic-Protestant Issues
6
And it was a war between the Hapsburg empire and
the various German states
7
Various countries from outside the region
interfered or actively fought in the war.
Millions are dead by the time it ends. Most of
the fighting will be done in Germany.
8
France supported the Protestant states in order
to keep Germany weak, disunited, and weaken the
Habsburg Empire
9
Sweden and Denmark fought to support the
Protestant cause
10
Mercenaries from all over Europe joined the
different stages of the war.
11
The result was wide spread devastation and
destructionthe most destructive war up to this
point in history.
12
  • So lets get started

13
The war begins with the Defenestration of Prague
(1618)
14
Defenester To throw out window
  • First Defenestration of Prague occurred when
    supporters of martyred Jan Huss threw out members
    of the council onto barbed pikes below. Several
    were killed. (1417)

15
Another Defenestration (1948)
16
The Latest Defenestration
  • In New York City, there was an act of
    defenestration committed by a teacher that
    resulted in a student being thrown out the
    window.
  • November 30, 2012 at Xavier High School

17
The two Catholic emissaries were thrown out the
window, after a heated argument with Bohemian
Protestant leaders
Phase 1 of the war now begins The Bohemia
Phase (1618-1625)
18
The newest Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II,
moves into Bohemia to restore order and
authority. He is a devout Catholic.
19
Bohemia looks for help from the Protestant
Elector Frederick V to defend their cause.
Frederick will be up against the emperor,
Ferdinand.
20
Frederick leaves his home in the Palatine
(Rhineland) to help defend Bohemia!
21
Side note Frederick was married to Elizabeth
Stuart, daughter of James I of England.
22
Catholic Bavaria is in relation to Bohemia
23
Frederick will flee after his defeat by the
forces of Catholic Bavaria at White Mountain.
24
After victory at Bohemia, Ferdinand re-enforces
his empire with Spanish troops. The Spaniards
flood into the Catholic German States.
Ferdinand, Holy Roman Empire, and the
Habsburgs win first stage of war
25
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26
Group Questions
  • 1. What incident caused the war?
  • 2. Who won the first stage of the war?
  • The Catholics or the Protestants?

27
Phase 2 The Danish Phase (1625-1629)
  • Ferdinand is elected as Holy Roman Emperor again.
  • He confiscates the lands of the Bohemian nobles
    who had joined Fredericks cause
  • Jesuits stream into Bohemia to re-convert the
    Protestants

28
The Protestant Cause will now be taken up by the
King of Denmark, Christian IV, in 1625.
  • He enters the fight with a little aid from the
    Protestant leaders of England and Holland

29
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30
Ferdinand appoints a new army to counteract the
Danish threat. He appoints Albert of Wallenstein
known as Wallenstein.
31
Wallenstein, a former Protestant, recruits and
develops a professional armyanswerable to him,
only. He quickly defeats the Danish in 1629.
32
After the Danes are defeated, an Edict of
Restitution (1629) is declared. This means that
all church territories, that were allowed to be
Protestant under the Peace of Augsburg (1555) are
now Catholic again.
33
Group Questions
  • 3. Why is the Edict of Restitution such an
    important declaration? What might happen as a
    result of it?
  • 4. Who was the leader of Denmark?
  • -Christian IV or Wallenstein?
  • 5. Who was the leader of the Catholic army
    appointed by Ferdinand
  • -Christian IV or Wallenstein?

34
Phase 3 The Swedish Phase (1630-1635)
  • After the Danish Defeat, the Catholics swarm over
    protestant Germany.
  • The Augsburg peace is ignored
  • It seems as if the Reformation will be undone.

35
Enter Gustavus Adolphus. . .
  • Gustavus Adolphus was king of Sweden
  • He was busy fighting Poland
  • Cardinal Richelieu, the Bishop of France, lures
    Adolphus into taking up the Protestant cause.

36
Gustavus is busy Fighting the Poles,
but Richelieu persuades him To take up the
Protestant Cause. He does.
Richelieu sends money to Sweden
37
Hence, Catholic Bishop Richelieu of Catholic
France aids Protestants against the Catholic Holy
Roman Empire
38
Richelieu, you are the ultimate backstabber
  • Why thank you, Mr. OShea, but you see, I can get
    others to fight my wars for me, while I continue
    to strengthen France.

39
Gustavus Adolphus leaves his fighting in Poland
and now takes the leadership against the Catholics
40
Who was Gustavus Adolphus?
  • He was a brilliant leader
  • He was courageous
  • He organized the most modern army of its time

41
Under his leadership, Sweden wins victories.
  • Sadly, Adolphus is killed at the battle of Lutzen
    in 1632.

42
Gustavus Adolphus remains a great historical
figure and a Swedish National Hero.
43
After the Gustavus death, this stage of the war
weakens
  • Wallenstein himself refuses to fight the Swedes
    because he is furious about the Spanish troops in
    Germany.
  • He actually enters into secret talks with the
    Protestants.
  • Wallenstein is a loose cannon, and his men are
    becoming disloyal and will attack anyone

44
Including him Wallenstein is assassinated by his
own men.
45
Group Questions
  • 6. What is one example of how this war is
    becoming less about religion and more about
    political motives?
  • 7. Who was Gustavus Adolphus?

46
Phase 3 (continued) The Swedish French Phase
(1635-1648)
  • This time, Richelieu comes out clearly on the
    side of the Protestants and supports the Swedes.
  • France officially joins the Protestant cause.

47
When France joins, the Spanish retaliate! They
sweep down from the Spanish Netherlands and
attack France!
48
When the Spanish attack, France moves toward
Spain! French troops move into Catalonia
spreading devastation.
Spanish Troops attack from France from the
Spanish Netherlands
France retaliates by attacking Catalonia, Spain
49
Tides turn
  • The powers were too stacked up against the Holy
    Roman Empire and Austrian Habsburgs
  • Richelieu and France work against the Catholic
    Church
  • Adolphuss army beats Wallensteins army
  • French forces handily beat the Spanish

50
Germans view all this interference from Spain,
Sweden, France, and think Get Out!
51
The Peace of Westphalia
  • This becomes a huge peace conference
  • The church (pope) is not involved, nor does the
    pope sign the treaties
  • Calvinism is added to the mix now there is
    Lutheranism, Catholicism, and Calvinism

52
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53
Results of The Peace of Westphalia

54
The Holy Roman Empires power dissolves
55
New state system set up in Europe
56
States of Germany now have stronger individual
rights Germany remains weak and divided.
57
Between 3-7 million died in the Thirty Years War
58
Germany was physically devastated by the war
59
Germanys separate states will hinder trade and
progress for many years. It will not fully unite
until 1870.
60
England, Holland, and France will take the lead
in European trade, culture and politics
61
Effects of The 30 Years War
  • It started as a religious war, but quickly turns
    into a political battle
  • Ends period of religious conflict
  • Religious lines are drawn
  • Catholics and Protestants mostly at peace after
    this
  • France comes out on top
  • Stronger, more powerful than ever before
  • The Holy Roman Empires political power in
    central Europe dissolves
  • The Habsburgs are doomed
  • Decline begins for once super-powerful family
  • New state system emerges
  • Marks the beginning of modern Europe

62
Group Questions
  • 8-10 List 3 results/effects of the Thirty Years
    War on Europe.
  • 8. ???
  • 9. ???
  • 10. ???
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