Title: The%20Thirty%20Years%20%20%20War%201618-1648
1The Thirty Years War 1618-1648
2Warm Up Copy down these terms and leave space
next to each to fill in notes.Key names, terms,
and eventsDefenestration of PragueFerdinand
IIFrederick VChristian IVWallensteinEdict of
Restitution Cardinal Richelieu Gustavus
AdolphusPeace of WestphaliaResults/Effects of
the War on Europe
3The Thirty Years War 1618-1648
4- The Thirty Years War is complex. But the main
conflict was between the different states who had
religious differences. - Heres the basics before we get started
5It was a war over Catholic-Protestant Issues
6And it was a war between the Hapsburg empire and
the various German states
7Various countries from outside the region
interfered or actively fought in the war.
Millions are dead by the time it ends. Most of
the fighting will be done in Germany.
8France supported the Protestant states in order
to keep Germany weak, disunited, and weaken the
Habsburg Empire
9Sweden and Denmark fought to support the
Protestant cause
10Mercenaries from all over Europe joined the
different stages of the war.
11The result was wide spread devastation and
destructionthe most destructive war up to this
point in history.
12 13The war begins with the Defenestration of Prague
(1618)
14Defenester To throw out window
- First Defenestration of Prague occurred when
supporters of martyred Jan Huss threw out members
of the council onto barbed pikes below. Several
were killed. (1417)
15Another Defenestration (1948)
16The Latest Defenestration
- In New York City, there was an act of
defenestration committed by a teacher that
resulted in a student being thrown out the
window. - November 30, 2012 at Xavier High School
17The two Catholic emissaries were thrown out the
window, after a heated argument with Bohemian
Protestant leaders
Phase 1 of the war now begins The Bohemia
Phase (1618-1625)
18The newest Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II,
moves into Bohemia to restore order and
authority. He is a devout Catholic.
19Bohemia looks for help from the Protestant
Elector Frederick V to defend their cause.
Frederick will be up against the emperor,
Ferdinand.
20Frederick leaves his home in the Palatine
(Rhineland) to help defend Bohemia!
21Side note Frederick was married to Elizabeth
Stuart, daughter of James I of England.
22Catholic Bavaria is in relation to Bohemia
23Frederick will flee after his defeat by the
forces of Catholic Bavaria at White Mountain.
24After victory at Bohemia, Ferdinand re-enforces
his empire with Spanish troops. The Spaniards
flood into the Catholic German States.
Ferdinand, Holy Roman Empire, and the
Habsburgs win first stage of war
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26Group Questions
- 1. What incident caused the war?
- 2. Who won the first stage of the war?
- The Catholics or the Protestants?
27Phase 2 The Danish Phase (1625-1629)
- Ferdinand is elected as Holy Roman Emperor again.
- He confiscates the lands of the Bohemian nobles
who had joined Fredericks cause - Jesuits stream into Bohemia to re-convert the
Protestants
28The Protestant Cause will now be taken up by the
King of Denmark, Christian IV, in 1625.
- He enters the fight with a little aid from the
Protestant leaders of England and Holland
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30Ferdinand appoints a new army to counteract the
Danish threat. He appoints Albert of Wallenstein
known as Wallenstein.
31Wallenstein, a former Protestant, recruits and
develops a professional armyanswerable to him,
only. He quickly defeats the Danish in 1629.
32After the Danes are defeated, an Edict of
Restitution (1629) is declared. This means that
all church territories, that were allowed to be
Protestant under the Peace of Augsburg (1555) are
now Catholic again.
33Group Questions
- 3. Why is the Edict of Restitution such an
important declaration? What might happen as a
result of it? - 4. Who was the leader of Denmark?
- -Christian IV or Wallenstein?
- 5. Who was the leader of the Catholic army
appointed by Ferdinand - -Christian IV or Wallenstein?
34Phase 3 The Swedish Phase (1630-1635)
- After the Danish Defeat, the Catholics swarm over
protestant Germany. - The Augsburg peace is ignored
- It seems as if the Reformation will be undone.
35Enter Gustavus Adolphus. . .
- Gustavus Adolphus was king of Sweden
- He was busy fighting Poland
- Cardinal Richelieu, the Bishop of France, lures
Adolphus into taking up the Protestant cause.
36Gustavus is busy Fighting the Poles,
but Richelieu persuades him To take up the
Protestant Cause. He does.
Richelieu sends money to Sweden
37Hence, Catholic Bishop Richelieu of Catholic
France aids Protestants against the Catholic Holy
Roman Empire
38Richelieu, you are the ultimate backstabber
- Why thank you, Mr. OShea, but you see, I can get
others to fight my wars for me, while I continue
to strengthen France.
39Gustavus Adolphus leaves his fighting in Poland
and now takes the leadership against the Catholics
40Who was Gustavus Adolphus?
- He was a brilliant leader
- He was courageous
- He organized the most modern army of its time
41Under his leadership, Sweden wins victories.
- Sadly, Adolphus is killed at the battle of Lutzen
in 1632.
42Gustavus Adolphus remains a great historical
figure and a Swedish National Hero.
43After the Gustavus death, this stage of the war
weakens
- Wallenstein himself refuses to fight the Swedes
because he is furious about the Spanish troops in
Germany. - He actually enters into secret talks with the
Protestants. - Wallenstein is a loose cannon, and his men are
becoming disloyal and will attack anyone
44Including him Wallenstein is assassinated by his
own men.
45Group Questions
- 6. What is one example of how this war is
becoming less about religion and more about
political motives? - 7. Who was Gustavus Adolphus?
46Phase 3 (continued) The Swedish French Phase
(1635-1648)
- This time, Richelieu comes out clearly on the
side of the Protestants and supports the Swedes. - France officially joins the Protestant cause.
47When France joins, the Spanish retaliate! They
sweep down from the Spanish Netherlands and
attack France!
48When the Spanish attack, France moves toward
Spain! French troops move into Catalonia
spreading devastation.
Spanish Troops attack from France from the
Spanish Netherlands
France retaliates by attacking Catalonia, Spain
49Tides turn
- The powers were too stacked up against the Holy
Roman Empire and Austrian Habsburgs - Richelieu and France work against the Catholic
Church - Adolphuss army beats Wallensteins army
- French forces handily beat the Spanish
50Germans view all this interference from Spain,
Sweden, France, and think Get Out!
51The Peace of Westphalia
- This becomes a huge peace conference
- The church (pope) is not involved, nor does the
pope sign the treaties - Calvinism is added to the mix now there is
Lutheranism, Catholicism, and Calvinism
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53Results of The Peace of Westphalia
54The Holy Roman Empires power dissolves
55New state system set up in Europe
56States of Germany now have stronger individual
rights Germany remains weak and divided.
57Between 3-7 million died in the Thirty Years War
58Germany was physically devastated by the war
59Germanys separate states will hinder trade and
progress for many years. It will not fully unite
until 1870.
60England, Holland, and France will take the lead
in European trade, culture and politics
61Effects of The 30 Years War
- It started as a religious war, but quickly turns
into a political battle - Ends period of religious conflict
- Religious lines are drawn
- Catholics and Protestants mostly at peace after
this - France comes out on top
- Stronger, more powerful than ever before
- The Holy Roman Empires political power in
central Europe dissolves - The Habsburgs are doomed
- Decline begins for once super-powerful family
- New state system emerges
- Marks the beginning of modern Europe
62Group Questions
- 8-10 List 3 results/effects of the Thirty Years
War on Europe. - 8. ???
- 9. ???
- 10. ???