Feudalism

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Feudalism
Characteristics Nobles Peasants Monks/Nuns
Obligations Military Service to Lord
Rights and Benefits Protection by Lord
Lives Life of Religious Service
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The Crusades

• 1050s Muslims invade Byzantine Empire. Extend
  power over Palestine to the Holy Land
• 1095 Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asks Pope
  Urban for help in ridding his empire of Muslim
  invaders.
• Pope Urban agrees to help. Hopes to consolidate
  his own power, end schism between Rome and
  Constantinople and keep Christian knights from
  fighting one another.

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The First Crusade

• Christian Kingdoms like England, France, and the
  Holy Roman Empire send knights to Jerusalem
• Stop and sack many Orthodox Christian towns on
  the way
• 1099 Christian knights capture Jerusalem,
  slaughter the inhabitants
• 1187 Muslim soldiers under Saladin recapture
  Jerusalem.

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The Second and Third Crusades

• After a period of peace, Catholic priests call
  for another crusade
• Fail
• So they try again, with Richard the Lion Heart
  leading
• Run out of food and water
• Fail

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The Fourth Crusade

• Plan to invade Holy Land through Egypt
• Instead they stop at Constantinople and sack the
  city

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The Children's Crusade

• Boy claims to have been visited by Jesus, says he
  is to lead a crusade to peacefully convert
  Muslims
• 20,000 boys and girls follow
• Fail

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Effects of the Crusades on Europe

• Economic expansion increased trade
• Increased power of the monarchs.
• Wider world view
• Europe receives the scholarship and learning of
  the Muslim empire
• Begins the Renaissance (Rebirth)

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The Final Invader The Black Death

• The Black Death was one of the worst natural
  disasters in history. In 1347 A.D., a great
  plague swept over Europe,  ravaged  cities
  causing  widespread  hysteria  and death. One
  third of the population of Europe died. "The
  impact upon the future of England was greater
  than upon any other European country."
  (Cartwright, 1991) The primary culprits in
  transmitting this disease were oriental rat fleas
  carried on the back of black rats .

Frederick F. Cartwright, DISEASE AND HISTORY,
Dorset Press, New York, 1991, p. 42.
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The Final Invader The Spread of the Black Death
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The Final Invader The Black Death

• "The first signs of the plague were lumps in the
  groin or armpits. After this, livid black spots
  appeared on the arms and thighs and other parts
  of the body. Few recovered. Almost all died
  within three days, usually without any fever."

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The Final Invader The Effects of the Black Death

• In Medieval England, the Black Death was to kill
  1.5 million people. No medical knowledge existed
  in Medieval England to cope with the disease.
  After 1350, it was to strike England another six
  times by the end of the century.

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Rise of Nation-States

• Nobles die on Crusades
• Kings repossess the land of nobles
• Kings power increases
• Nation-states develop

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100 Years War

• Normans invade England in 1066
• Control both sides of the English Channel
• England continues to conquer land to solidify one
  trans-chanel kingdom

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Joan of Arc

• Young woman hears the voice of God
• Hears that she is to lead the army against
  England
• Inspires French troops to kick the English out
• Is captured by the English and burned as a witch

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Decline of Feudalism

• People lose faith due to black death
• Church loses power
• Towns and cities begin to develop a middle class