ISTITUTO COMPRENSIVO CREMONA 2 SCUOLA MEDIA VIRGILIO

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ISTITUTO COMPRENSIVOCREMONA 2SCUOLA MEDIA
VIRGILIO

• PROGETTO CLIL
• A.S. 2014/2015

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FOOD FOOD EVERYWHERE

• HISTORY
• GEOGRAPHY
• ART
• RELIGION
• SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
• MATHS

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• HISTORY
• Food after 1492
• Columbian Exchange
• The Columbian Exchange or Grand Exchange refers
  to the wide transfer of animals, plants, culture,
  human populations, diseases, and ideas between
  the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the
  15th and 16th centuries, related to European
  colonization and trade (including
  African/American slave trade) after Christopher
  Columbus' 1492 voyage.The contact between the two
  areas circulated a wide variety of new crops and
  livestock, which supported increases in
  population in both hemispheres. Traders returned
  to Europe with maize, potatoes, and tomatoes,
  which became very important crops in Europe by
  the 18th century. Similarly, Europeans introduced
  manioc and peanut to tropical Asia and West
  Africa, where they flourished in soils that
  otherwise would not produce large yields.

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• New World native plants. Clockwise, from top
  left 1. Maize 2. Tomato 3. Potato 4. Vanilla 5.
  Pará rubber tree 6. Cacao 7. Tobacco

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• Old World native plants. Clockwise, from top
  left 1. Citrus 2. Apple 3. Banana 4.
  Mango 5. Onion 6. Coffee 7. Wheat 8. Rice.

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• Influence
• Before AD 1500, potatoes were not grown outside
  of South America. By the 1840s, Ireland was so
  dependent on the potato that the proximate cause
  of the Great Famine was a potato disease.Maize
  and manioc, introduced by the Portuguese from
  South America in the 16th century,have replaced
  sorghum and millet as Africa's most important
  food crops.16th-century Spanish colonizers
  introduced new staple crops to Asia from the
  Americas, including maize and sweet potatoes, and
  thereby contributed to population growth in Asia.
• Tomatoes, which came to Europe from the New
  World , were initially prized in Italy mainly for
  their ornamental value . From the 19th century
  tomato sauces became typical of Neapolitan
  cooking and, ultimately, Italian food in
  general.Coffee from South America and sugar cane
  became the main crops of extensive Latin American
  plantations. Introduced to India by the
  Portuguese, chili and potatoes from South America
  have become an integral part of Indian cuisine.
• Before the Columbian Exchange, there were no
  oranges in Florida, no bananas in Ecuador, no
  paprika in Hungary, no potatoes in Ireland, no
  coffee in Colombia, no pineapples in Hawaii, no
  rubber trees in Africa, no chili peppers in
  Thailand, and no chocolate in Switzerland.

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• Livestock
• Initially, the exchange of animals largely went
  from Europe to the New World, as the Eurasian
  regions had domesticated many animals. Horses,
  donkeys, mules, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats,
  chickens, large dogs, cats and bees were rapidly
  adopted by native peoples for transport, food,
  and other uses.One of the first European exports
  to the Americas, the horse, changed the lives of
  many Native American tribes in the mountains.
  They shifted to a nomadic lifestyle, based on
  hunting bison on horseback and moved down to the
  Great Plains. The existing Plains tribes extended
  their territories with horses, and the animals
  were considered so valuable that horse became a
  measure of wealth.

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• Geography
• Food in southern Europe
• Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, and
  southern France make up the region known as
  southern Europe. Southern France is included
  because it is culturally similar to the rest of
  southern Europe. Greece is often grouped with
  eastern Europe however, it is included here
  because Greek food has greatly influenced the
  cuisine of southern Europe.
• The ancient Greeks brought the olive tree to
  southern Europe, and Spain is now the world's
  largest producer of olives. Chickpeas and fish
  stew were also introduced by the Greeks.
  Different adaptations of this fish stew are now
  popular dishes in France ( boullabaisse ) and in
  Italy ( zuppa di pesce alla marinara ).
• But Asia has also added to southern
  Europe's food traditions, mainly affecting the
  cuisine of Portugal. Spices (such as pepper and
  nutmeg) as well as fruits (such as mangoes and
  bananas) came from Asia.
  
  
• 
  

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• Food in northern Europe
• Northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Ireland
  and the United Kingdom, has a mouthwatering
  supply of food and beverages. Fish and chips,
  Swedish meatballs and shepherds pie are just a
  sampling of the regional offerings, which are
  usually prepared to warm people up from the cold
  climate. Because of the surrounding seas fish is
  essential to most Northern European cuisines.

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RELIGION

• FOOD SYMBOLS
• The List of foods with religious symbolism
  provides details of foods which are used in
  religious communities or traditions to symbolise
  an aspect of the faith, or to commemorate a
  festival or hero of that faith group. Many such
  foods are also closely associated with a
  particular date or season. As with all religious
  traditions, some such foods have passed into
  widespread secular use, but all those on this
  list have a religious origin. The list is
  arranged alphabetically and by religion.
• CHRISTIANITY
• Baklava - in Greece, it is supposed to be made
  with 33 dough layers, referring to the years of
  Christ's life
• Cattern cake - small individual cakes with
  caraway seeds, made on St. Catherine's Day (25
  November) to celebrate St Catherine of
  Alexandria.
• Christopsomo - a type of bread served at
  Christmas in Greece Christmas symbols, and a
  cross, are traditionally incorporated into the
  loaf using dough shapes it is flavoured with
  figs.
• Easter biscuit - associated with Easter,
  particularly in parts of England.
• Easter egg - associated with Easter, as a symbol
  of new.

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• JUDAISM
• Apples and honey - eaten to symbolize a sweet new
  year other foods with a symbolic meaning may be
  served, depending on local custom, such as the
  head of a fish to symbolize the "head" of the
  year.
• Bread - two loaves of bread, symbol of the double
  portion of manna that fell for the Israelites
  during their 40 years in the desert after the
  Exodus from Egypt.
• Cheese blintzes, cheese kreplach, cheesecake,
  cheese sambusak, a seven-layer cake called seven
  heavens and other dairy foods are traditionally
  eaten and have various symbolic meanings all
  connected to the giving of the Torah on Mount
  Sinai.
• ISLAM
• Baklava - associated with the fasting month of
  Ramadan by the Balkans and Ottoman Empire.
• Dates - traditionally dates are eaten at the to
  break the fast of Ramadan, symbolically recalling
  the tradition that the prophet Muhammad broke his
  fast by eating three dates.
• HINDUISM
• Ghee - sacred food, offered to gods, and used as
  libation or anointment ritual.
• Pongal - a Tamil dish associated with many Hindu
  rituals and feast such as the Pongal feast.

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• FOOD FORBIDDEN
• Taboo food and drink are food and beverages which
  people abstain from consuming because of a
  religious or cultural prohibition. Many food
  taboos forbid the meat of a particular animal,
  including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians,
  mollusks and crustaceans. Some taboos are
  specific to a particular part of an animal, while
  other taboos forbid the consumption of plants,
  fungi, or insects.

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• Art
• ARCIMBOLDO
• Giuseppe's father, Biagio Arcimboldo, was an
  artist in Milan. Like his father, Giuseppe
  Arcimboldo started his career as a designer for
  stained glass and frescoes at local cathedrals
  when he was 21 years old.He also married later
  on.
• In 1562, he became court portraitist to Ferdinand
  I at the Habsburg court in Vienna, and later, to
  Maximilian II and his son Rudolf II at the court
  in Prague. He was also the court decorator and
  costume designer. Augustus Elector of Saxony, who
  visited Vienna in 1570 and 1573, saw Arcimboldo's
  work and commissioned a copy of his "The Four
  Seasons" which incorporates his own monarchic
  symbols.
• Arcimboldo's conventional work, on traditional
  religious subjects, has fallen into oblivion, but
  his portraits of human heads made up of
  vegetables, plants, fruits, sea creatures and
  tree roots, were greatly admired by his
  contemporaries and remain a source of fascination
  today.

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What are these faces made up of ? What fruit can
you see ? What vegetables can you see? What
flowers can you see? Match fruit,
vegetables,flowers and the parts of the faces.
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What is strange in this picture ?
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Arcimboldos style pictures
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SCIENCE

• Food pyramid
• The world Health Organization, in conjunction
  with the Food and Agriculture Organization,
  published guidelines that can effectively be
  represented in a food pyramid to prevent
  obesity, chronic diseases and dental caries. The
  structure is similar in some respects to the USDA
  food pyramid, but there are distinctions between
  types of fats, and a distinction where
  carbohydrates are split on the basis of free
  sugars versus sugars in their natural form.

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