Background

1
Background

• The treaty that ended World War I and the
  economic depression that followed contributed to
  the rise of dictatorships in Europe and Asia

2
Fascism

• Fascists believed that the nation was more
  important than the individual, and that a nation
  became great by expanding its territory and
  building its military.

3
Main Slide
Works Cited
4
Benito Mussolini - How did he take power?
1919 Creates the Italian Fascist Party 1921 -
Entered Parliament
1922 - Became premier of Italy
1925 - Mussolini declared Italy a fascist
dictatorship and took control over society,
politics, and economics, as well as the military.
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Picture taken from http//cidc.library.cornell.edu
/dof/italy/captioned/horse.htm
5
Benito Mussolini - Beliefs
Mussolini was in favor of state control of
economics, society, and that the political system
should be in the hands of few. He was opposed to
Communism and was very Militaristic. He directly
influenced Hitler and the Nazis.
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Picture taken from http//www.comandosupremo.com/M
ussolini.html
6
Benito Mussolini - Effect on world politics.
Possibly Mussolinis most direct and lasting
impact was not in Italy, but his influence on
Hitler and Nazism. He created the first Fascist
government and was allied with
Germany throughout WWII.
Picture taken from http//www.comandosupremo.com/M
ussolini.html
Picture taken from http//members.telering.at/pat/
muss.jpg
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Benito Mussolini - Lasting Impact

• Known as Il Duce- the Chief
• Italian Imperialism
• -Moves to remake Roman Empire (Restore
  Rome to time of Caesars)
• -Make the Mediterranean an Italian Lake
• Same government controls of everything as
• in Germany
• -Hailed by the people because he
• Made the trains run on time

Picture taken from http//home.comcast.net/lowe91
01/mussolini/
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8
Benito Mussolini and Militarism

• The Italian army not known for being a preeminent
  power during WWII.
• Germany was forced to defend Italy against Allied
  advances.
• Mussolini did, however, extend the Italian
  empire, especially into Africa.

Picture taken from http//home.comcast.net/lowe91
01/mussolini/
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9
Joseph Stalin - How did he take power?
After the death of the first Communist dictator
in the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin, there was a
power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky.
Stalin won out. He further abolished all
opposition and sent political prisoners to
re-education camps. By 1928 Stalin was
undoubtedly the leader of the Soviet Union.
Picture taken from en.wikipedia.org
Stalin
Trotsky
Bukharin
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10
Joseph Stalin - Beliefs

• Five Year Plans - Goals for the
• Communist state (industrial -
• economic)
• Collectivization of Agriculture
• Increase Soviet knowledge in the
• sciences (Space Race after WWII)
• Believed in military superiority over the United
  States (build-
• up of nuclear weapons)

Picture taken from en.wikipedia.org
Click here to read a biographical sketch
(timeline included) of Stalin
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11
Joseph Stalin - Effect on world politics

• The effect of Stalin on world politics is
  virtually impossible to overstate.
• He led the Soviet Union through domestic
  instability (not always well) while fighting
  against Hitler in WWII, the United States in the
  Cold War, and trying to gain alliances with
  developing countries throughout the world.
• The United States essentially based its foreign
  policy around that of the Soviet Union, and
  vice-versa, for 50 years.

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12
Joseph Stalin - Lasting Impact
The lasting impact of Stalin is one of
controversy. Millions of men and women died
under his rule. He led the Soviet Union until
his death in 1953. He left the United States and
Soviet Union embroiled in a battle for world
supremacy which would last until 1991.
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Picture taken from http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/col
d.war/kbank/profiles/stalin/
13
Joseph Stalin and Militarism
Stalin believed in having a large military. When
the Soviet Union was invaded by Nazi Germany in
June of 1941 Stalin started a build-up of the
Soviet army which would last for several decades.

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14
Adolf Hitler - How did he take power?
1923 - Hitler attempted to take control of a
struggling Germany through the Beer Hall
Putsch. He failed and was arrested. In jail he
wrote Mein Kampf exposing his political
ideology. He was considered harmless and was
released in 1924.
1932 - Defeated von Hindenburg in national
election. Hitler was the Chancellor of Germany.
1934 - Hitler declares himself the Fuhrer of
Germany taking dictatorial power.
1938 - Anschluss with Austria. Outlawed by Treaty
of Versailles
1939 - Invasion of Poland and start of WWII
Picture taken from www.wikipedia.org
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15
Adolf Hitler - Beliefs
Hitler believed the Treaty of Versailles was a
result of German leaders betraying the German
people. He thought Germany would, one day, have
a reemergence as a world power.
Picture taken from http//ourworld.compuserve.com/
homepages/sgt_stryker/hitler.gif
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Adolf Hitler - Effect on world politics

• Hitler had an immediate and direct impact on
  politicians around the world.
• Some admired his beliefs and convictions, others
  saw a dangerous man who would, one day, have a
  direct impact on the death of 52 million people.
• Allied leaders in Europe made an attempt to
  appease Hitler in 1938 when they signed the
  Munich Agreement.

Picture Taken from www.time.com
Picture Taken from en.wikipedia.org
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Adolf Hitler - Lasting Impact

• The name Adolf Hitler is synonymous with hate
  and genocide.
• The war he helped to start is the bloodiest war
  in human history.
• There are still people today who follow the
  principles of Nazism.
• The German people are still haunted by the
  actions of the Nazi government.

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18
Adolf Hitler and Militarism
Hitler believed in the military superiority of
the German empire. His fighting techniques, such
as blitzkrieg, threatened to overthrow Europe in
only a year.
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Picture taken from www.malispina.com
19
Hideki Tojo - How did he take power?
1920s - Tojo works his way up the military
ladder in Japan. 1930s - Led troops in battle
in China 1940 - Appointed War Minister 1941 -
Emperor Hirohito elevates Tojo to the post of
Prime Minister
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20
Hideki Tojo - Beliefs

• Tojo believed in the Racial Superiority of the
  Japanese people, especially over the Chinese.
• He was also ultra-nationalistic as well as very
  militaristic.
• He wanted to expand the Japanese empire
  throughout the Pacific Rim.

Picture taken from http//www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/bib
l/mil/ww2/who/tojo.html
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Hideki Tojo - Effect on world politics

• When Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7,
  1941, Tojo became public enemy number one in the
  United States.
• Throughout his tenure as Prime Minister he
  increased alliances with the Axis powers in
  Europe and extended military control over
  Japanese Society and the Pacific Rim.
• Tojo was executed for war crimes in 1948.

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22
Hideki Tojo - Lasting Impact

• Hideki Tojo is, today, known as a man who led the
  Japanese into WWII against the United States.
• He is credited for increasing Japanese military,
  industrial, and imperialistic capacity, but also
  saw the end of Japanese society as it was known
  before 1945.

Picture taken from http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.
co.uk/2WWtojo.htm
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Hideki Tojo and Militarism

• Tojo and the Japanese military commanders
  believed Japan to be invincible.
• For hundreds of years the Japanese mainland was
  not successfully invaded.
• Japan extended its empire throughout the Pacific
  Rim and had visions of going quite a bit farther.

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24
Works Cited
Bragdon, H., McCutchen, S., Ritchie, D. (1998).
History of a Free Nation. New York
McGraw-Hill. Boyer, P., Clark, C., Hawley, S.,
Kett, J., Salisbury, N., Sitkoff, H., Woloch, N.
(1998). The Enduring Vision A History of the
American People. Boston Houghton
Mifflin. Retrieved May 18, 2006 from
http//www.fsmitha.com/h2/map10eu.htm Retrieved
May 18, 2006 from http//www.dean.usma.edu/history
/web03/atlases/ww220europe /ww220europe20pages/
ww220europe20map2002.htm Retrieved May 22,
2006 from www.wikipedia.org Retrieved May 22,
2006 from http//cidc.library.cornell.edu/dof/ital
y/captioned/horse.htm Retrieved May 22, 2006
from http//home.comcast.net/lowe9101/mussolini/
Retrieved May 23, 2006 from http//ourworld.compu
serve.com/homepages/sgt_stryker/hitler.gif
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Works Cited
Retrieved June 3, 2006 from http//www.spartacus.s
choolnet.co.uk/2WWtojo.htm Retrieved June 3,
2006 from http//www.bibl.u-szeged.hu/bibl/mil/ww2
/who/tojo.html Retrieved June 3, 2006 from
http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pacific/index.html R
etrieved May 25, 2006 from http//www.yale.edu/law
web/avalon/imt/munich1.htm Retrieved May 25,
2006 from http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kba
nk/profiles/stalin/ Retrieved May 25, 2006 from
www.bbc.co.uk
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