Energy Transformations

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Energy Transformations
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Energy

• Many chemical reactions and processes are going
  on in your body even when you are not aware of
  it!
• These cellular activities require ENERGY!
• Energy the ability to do work

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Thermodynamics

• 1st Law energy can be converted from one form
  to another, but it cannot be created nor
  destroyed.
• 2nd Law energy cannot be converted without the
  loss of useable energy
• Usually lost as heat
• Disorder (entropy) increases

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All organisms need energy to live

• Autotrophs organisms that make their own food
• Ex. Plants
• Heterotroph organisms that ingest food to
  obtain energy
• Ex. You!

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How do cells release energy?

• Energy stored in food molecules is released at
  each step in a series of enzyme-catalyzed
  chemical reactions.
• When cells break down molecules, some of the
  energy released from the molecules is in the form
  of heat.
• The rest of the energy is stored as ATP.

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ATP

• Energy Currency - It is like money that can be
  spent throughout the cell!!!!!

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How is ATP constructed?

• Adenosine triphosphate
• 3 phosphate groups bound to adenosine (sugar)
• If you remove 1 phosphate, you have ADP
• ADP stands for Adenosine diphosphate.

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ADP P ATPWhen one phosphate is added the
energy is STOREDin the phosphate-phosphate
bondWhen one phosphate breaks off the energy
is RELEASED
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ATP
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Cellular Respiration

• The energy stored in organic molecules is used to
  make the ATP needed for life processes.

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ATP
Energy from food we eat
Energy for cells
ADP
Phosphate
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Metabolism

• Metabolism all of the chemical reactions in a
  cell.

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Metabolic Pathways

• Two Types
• 1. Catabolic release energy
• count them down
• example Cellular Respiration
• 2. Anabolic use the energy that is released by
  catabolic reactions
• add them up
• example Photosynthesis