Previously on Bio308

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Previously on Bio308
Signaling cascades
Large intracellular signaling proteins
Types
2nd Messengers
IP3
DAG
Ca
Nucleotides
Similarities
Advantages
Coordination
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Next on Bio 308
Graves disease
Causes
Treatments
Role of the immune system
Introduction to paper discussion Bowling et al.
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What could this case suggest about the cause of
Graves disease?
Case outline 31 year old Caucasian
female Smoker (before pregnancy) Previously
diagnosed with Graves disease 4 weeks post
partum Symptoms lessened during pregnancy
but now have rebounded 4 week old Caucasian
male Exhibiting symptoms of Graves disease
Return visit 5 weeks later Female smoking again
(but never around baby) Graves symptoms have
increased Infant no longer exhibiting symptoms
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Possible causes of Graves disease?
Genetic
predisposition, appear to need multiple hits
hormonal role suggested
Gender
Environment
exposure to toxins (smoking), radiation, stress
Diffusible/Destructible signal
antibodies
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What are antibodies?
Why make Ab? What do they do?
How are antibodies made?
How does the body know when to make Ab?
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Antibody production
Self vs. Non-self
What is foreign?
Immune response mounted
How?
Peptides presented to B cells, Designer Ag
binding domain created
End result
B cells and plasma cells produce specific Ab
T cells, macrophages attack Ab-Ag complex (attack
invader)
Invader forcibly removed
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Woman and child case
Sometimes just not feeling like self
Autoimmune responses
Relatively common
5 exhibit chronic, debilitating symptoms
Causes not known in all cases
www-immuno.path.cam.ac.uk/immuno/part1/lec12/lec1
2_97.html
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Predicted effect of TSI binding?
Clinical effect of TSI binding
Is activation by TSI surprising?
Why do TSI get made?
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Yersinia entericolitica and Graves disease ONE
hypothesis
Food borne pathogen
Generally porcine source
Can invade body through structures in
intestine
Can cause dysenteric diarrhea
An Invader
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Molecular Mimicry
(remember this is a hypothesis)
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Cures for Graves Disease
Treatments
Radioactive Iodine
Drugs regulate thyroid or alleviate symptoms
Surgery
All require lifetime drug therapy
Graves disease does not appear to have one
causative factor but results from a combination
of genetic predispositions and environmental
factors
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Case study 1 Graves disease
Extracellular signaling
Role of biological membranes
Protein structure (and its importance for protein
function)
Signal transduction
3-D protein structure (and its importance for
binding)
Signaling cascades
Protein modifications and their importance for
activity
Antibodies specificity, role, and the importance
of binding specificity
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Next on Bio308
Discussion of journal article Bowling et al.
Tuesday terms and techniques
Thursday the paper
Paper is linked to under Assignments on Blackboard