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Chapter 1 Section 2

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Title: Chapter 1 Section 2


1
Chapter 1 Section 2
  • Native American Cultures

2
Native American Cultures
  • Early Societies
  • Anasazi
  • 1500 B.C.
  • Lived in the American Southwest (Four Corners
    Region)
  • Farmers were able to do dry land farming of
    maize, beans and squash
  • Started to use irrigation
  • Skilled basket makers and skilled potters
  • Early members of group lived in pit houses dug
    into the ground, then about 750 A.D. they built
    pueblos made of adobe
  • Pueblos built on top of one another, could house
    over 1,000 people

3
Native American Cultures
  • Early Societies
  • Anasazi
  • Also built their houses in canyon walls and had
    to use ladders to get to them which gave them a
    great defense against foes
  • Kivas were underground ceremonial chambers at the
    center of communities
  • Culture started to disappear by 1300 A.D.
  • Think it was brought on by drought, disease and
    raids by other groups

4
Native American Cultures
5
Native American Cultures
  • Mound Builders
  • In the Eastern part of North America, many
    farming societies developed after 1000 B.C.
  • The Hopewell was one of these
  • Lived along the Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri
    River valleys
  • Supported society with trade and agriculture
  • Mississippian took control after the decline of
    the Hopewell around 700 A.D.
  • Largest City around present day St. Louis was
    Cahokia and had about 30,000 people
  • Build hundreds of mounds for religious ceremonies
    and burial.
  • Had flat tops with temples built on them.
  • Size was great (some as big as 100 feet tall and
    16 acres)
  • Others also built mounds, but mound building
    society no longer was around by the 1700s.

6
Native American Cultures
7
Native American Cultures
8
Native American Cultures
  • Native American Cultural Areas
  • North and Northwest
  • Divided into Arctic and Subarctic area
  • Arctic
  • Little plant life
  • Home to Inuit and Aleut
  • Homes were igloos, hide tents and huts
  • Both shared same language and both fished and
    hunted
  • Subarctic
  • Dogrib and Montagnais
  • Follow seasonal migrations of animals such as
    deer
  • Shelters made of animals skins or log houses
  • Farther south is the Kwakiutl and the Chinook
    peoples
  • Northwest people carved totems on large poles
  • Held feasts called potlatches

9
Native American Cultures
  • West and Southwest
  • Coastal
  • Food sources were plentiful along Pacific Coast
    so these groups tended not to farm
  • Large family groups
  • Tribes included- Hupa, Miwok and Yokuts
  • More than 100 languages
  • East of Sierra Nevada Mountains
  • Little rain so groups gathered, trapped and
    hunted for food
  • Most groups spoke the same language
  • Groups include- Paiute, Shoshone, and Ute
  • Southwest
  • Very dry- irrigated land
  • Known as Pueblo groups
  • Religion focused on rain and maize
  • Built large housing structures out of Adobe
  • Made fine pottery
  • Groups included Hopi, Zuni
  • Apache and Navajo were also groups that supported
    themselves by raiding the Pueblo people

10
Native American Cultures
  • Great Plains
  • Abundance of wildlife such as deer and buffalo
  • People of Great plains were nomadic hunters
  • Lived in Teepees
  • Some were farmers and settled in villages
  • Pawnee and Mandan
  • Pawnee were matrilineal or traced ancestry
    through mothers

11
Native American Cultures
  • Northeast and Southeast
  • Areas full of resources for food and shelter
  • Most groups lived in villages (Cherokee, Creek,
    Seminole
  • Northeast groups such as the Algonquin hunted
  • Many tribes used wampum (string of beads) as a
    currency
  • Build log homes or longhouses
  • Iroquois created the Iroquois League
  • Confederation of various groups and fought
    against non-Iroquois people
  • Iroquois tribes became some of the most powerful
    in North America
  • Tribes included Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga
    and Seneca

12
Native American Cultures
  • Shared Beliefs
  • Religion linked to nature
  • Tried to honor spirits everyday
  • Individual ownership only applied to crops, the
    land was for everyone
  • Land preservation for the future
  • Didnt want to join together to form political
    units so no large empires ever formed.
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