Major Battles and Events

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Major Battles and Events
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EUROPEAN FRONT Before U.S. Enters the War

• BATTLE OF BRITAIN 1940
• Hitler knew he couldnt defeat the British Navy
• Began this battle as an air war (Luftwaffe)
• Worked well at first
• British develop superior aircraft
• Begin bombing German cities while Germany bombed
  England at night.

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WHERE DO WE START?

• EUROPE
• NORTH AFRICA
• ASIA (PACIFIC)

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Hitler Was Everywhere!
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FRONTS

• EUROPE
• ALLIES TAKE ON GERMANY
• GOAL TO DEFEAT THEM
• PACIFIC
• DEFENSIVE
• DEFEAT NAZIS FIRST

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EUROPEAN FRONT U.S. Enter the War

• MAJOR BATTLES Battle of Stalingrad
• SOVIETS BATTLE GERMANS AT STALINGRAD- AUGUST
  1942-1943
• Bloodiest standoff on the war
• Over one million casualties 199 days
• Allies decided to let Russia fight on their own
• THIS DECISION WILL COST THE U.S. FUTURE
  RELATIONS WITH SOVIETS.

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NORTH AFRICAN FRONTS

• OFFENSIVE FIGHT
• ROOSEVELT AND CHURCHILL MEET IN MOROCCO 1943
• DECIDE NOT TO HELP SOVIETS INSTEAD STICK TO PLAN
  TO ATTACK FROM NORTH AFRICA INTO SICILY

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NORTH AFRICAN BATTLES

• OPERATION TORCH
• NOVEMBER 1942
• DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
• MOROCCO ALGERIA FIRST FALL AS THEY HAVE GERMAN
  PUPPET GOVT
• TUNISIA ROMMEL(THE DESERT FOX) AND HIS AFRIKA
  CORPS
• MAY 1943 AXIS TROOPS SURRENDER AFRICA

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European Battles

• Eisenhower plans attacks on Italy after success
  in N. Africa with help of British
• Campaign begins June 1943
• -Sicily
• -Anzio
• -Rome
• Mussolini forced to resign in August 1943

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European Front

• April 29, 1945 Mussolini and 15 other fascist
  leaders are executed and hanged in the Piazzale
  Loreto in Milan.

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EUROPEAN FRONT AND BATTLES

• OPERATION OVERLORD (D-DAY)
• FDR
• STALIN
• CHURCHILL
• MEET TO PLAN INVASION ACROSS ENGLISH CHANNEL
• NORMANDY
• GERMANS EXPECTED THEM TO ATTACK ELSEWHERE AT
  CALAIS

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EUROPEAN BATTLES

• NORMANDY, FRANCE (D-DAY)
• LARGEST AMPHIBIOUS INVASION
• JUNE 6, 1944
• Code Breakers intercept Axis correspondence
• 150,000 ALLIED SOLDIERS
• 600 WARSHIPS
• GENERAL DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER/Rommel for Germans
• BY JULY ALLIED FORCES IN FRANCE WAS OVER 1
  MILLION
• HITLER HESITATES TO FIGHT BACK

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World War II

• D-DAY
• INVASION
• OF NORMANDY

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WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?

• NAZIS CONTINUE TO FIGHT THROUGH AIR ATTACKS 1943
  1944
• OPERATION OVERLORD DRIVE THE NAZIS OUT OF
  FRANCE AND HEAD THEM TOWARDS DEFEAT AT HOME
• JUNE 6, 1944
• LARGEST AMPHIBIOUS INVASION
• (INVASION BY SEA)

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WHERE DID THIS TAKE PLACE?

• 60 MILE STRETCH OF NORMANDY COAST (NORTHERN
  FRENCH COAST)
• HITLER CAUGHT UNAWARE THOUGHT ATTACK WOULD BE
  FURTHER UP THE COAST AT CALAIS
• 326,000 SOLDIERS LAND THE FIRST WEEK, 50,000
  VEHICLES, 100,000 TONS OF SUPPLIES

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THE BEACHES

• CODE NAMES
• JUNO
• GOLD
• OMAHA
• UTAH
• SWORD

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WHO WAS INVOLVED?

• AMERICAN LEADER DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
• GERMAN LEADER ROMMEL
• SOLDIERS
• AMERICAN
• CANADIAN
• BRITISH
• GERMAN

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D-Day

• American soldiers wading through water into Nazi
  machine-gun fire on the coast of France.

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European Front

• Battle of the Bulge
• When? December 16, 1944
• Where? border areas near Luxembourg, France and
  Germany
• Results? The Germans began a counterattack
  against the Allies as the Allies attempted to
  drive the Germans completely out of France.
• Importance? Germans begin retreat signaling
  their defeat.
• First time allies will enter Germany since war
  started
• First time allies will see concentration camps

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V-E Day (Victory in Europe)May 8, 1945

• BATTLE OF THE BULGE (BELGIUM)
• LAST GERMAN OFFENSIVE OF WWII
• DECEBMER 1944
• CLEARED WAY TO GERMANY
• SOVIETS ATTACK FROM THE EAST
• AMERICANS FROM THE WEST
• TIED DOWN HUGE AMOUNTS OF ALLIED RESOURCES
• TAKE GERMANY

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Red army soldiers raising the Soviet flag on the
roof of the Reichstag (German Parliament) in
Berlin, Germany.
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Churchill waves to crowds in Britain after
broadcasting to the nation that the war with
Germany had been won,
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V-E Day Celebrations in New York City, May 8,
1945.
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V-E Day celebrations, Bay Street, Toronto, Canada
May 7, 1945
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VE-Day Parade, Red Square, Moscow, Russis
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ASIAN FRONT

• DEFENSIVE FRONT AGAINST JAPAN
• JAPAN HAD TAKEN OVER GUAM, WAKE, SINGAPORE AND
  PHILIPPINES
• How do we get them back?

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Island Hopping

• The two main goals of the U.S. in the Pacific
  were
• I. to regain the Philippines.
• II. to invade Japan.
• The U.S. began a policy of island hopping, using
  islands as stepping-stones towards Japan.

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ASIAN FRONT

• February of 1945
• The U.S. recaptured the Philippines, Iwo Jima and
  Okinawa.
• Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima depicts five United
  States Marines and a U.S. Navy corpsman raising
  the flag of the United States atop Mount
  Suribachi during the Battle of Iwo Jima.

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ASIAN FRONT THE TIDE TURNS

• BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
• -JAPAN WANTS TO TAKE AUSTRALIA
• -May 1942
• -Japan loses
• -Japanese naval aviation begins to decline.

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ASIAN FRONT CONTINUED

• MIDWAY ISLAND
• -CODE BREAKERS READY AMERICANS FOR THE ATTACK.
• TAKE OUT FOUR OF FIVE JAPANESE CARRIERS
• It limited Japan's ability to attack Hawaii again
  or other Allied positions.

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OTHER ASIAN BATTLES

• MORE BLOODY BATTLES
• -GUADALCANAL
• SOLOMON ISLANDS
• AMERICANS CUT OFF JAPANESE SUPPLY LINES
• Became military base from which to counterattack
  the Japanese
• IWO JIMA
• OKINAWA
• HEAVY CASUALTIES ON BOTH SIDES IN THESE BATTLES
• VICTORY IN THESE ISLANDS WIL BE KEY TO ALLIED
  VICTORY IN JAPAN