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Feudalism

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Feudalism 15.2 I. What is Feudalism? Where landowning nobles governed and protected people in return for services, such as serving as soldiers or farmers. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Feudalism


1
Feudalism
  • 15.2

2
I. What is Feudalism?
  • Where landowning nobles governed and protected
    people in return for services, such as serving as
    soldiers or farmers.
  • Nobles were both lords and vassals.
  • What is a vassal?
  • What is a fief?
  • Knights were vassals who fought on horseback.

3
  • Fiefs were called manors.
  • Lords ruled manors, and peasants farmed the land.
  • Some peasants were free, had rights and could
    move.
  • Most peasants were serfs, which meant they could
    not leave the manor, own property, or marry
    without the lords approval.
  • Lords in turn had to protect the serfs
  • To gain freedom, a serf could run away and remain
    in a town for a year. Then he or she would be
    considered free.
  • By the end of the Middle Ages, many serfs could
    buy their freedom

4
  • New technology increased crop production in the
    Middle Ages. The wheeled plow, the horse collar,
    water and wind-powered mills, and crop rotation
    helped farmers produce more food.

5
II. Life in Feudal Europe
  • Knights followed rules called the code of
    chivalry.
  • Brave obey lords, show respect to women of noble
    birth, and honor the church.
  • Wives and daughters ran the manors when the
    noblemen went to war.
  • A castle was the center of the manor.
  • The central building of the castle, called the
    keep was built on the motte.

Motte and Bailey
6
  • The castle keep contained a basement, kitchens,
    stables, a great hall, chapels, toilets, and
    bedrooms.
  • Peasants lived in simple houses. Many of them
    were only one room.
  • Peasants worked in the fields year-round.
  • Did not work on Catholic feast days.
  • Peasant women worked in the fields and raised
    children.
  • Bread was a basic staple of the peasant diet.

7
III. Trade and Cities
  • After Rome fell trade all but ended. People for
    the most part did not leave their villages.
  • Feudalism and technology helped promote trade.
  • Trade caused large cities like Venice to become
    wealthy.
  • In the early Middle Ages, people bartered, but
    later, people began using money again.
  • Often towns were controlled by lords.
  • In exchange for taxes the lords granted
    townspeople basic rights. Like what?

8
  • Eventually towns set up their own govts, with
    elected members of city councils.
  • Guilds set standards for quality in products,
    determined how many products would be sold, set
    prices, and decided who could enter the trade.
  • A child of 10 could become an apprentice.
  • Learned from a master craftsman.
  • Eventually the apprentice would become a master

9
  • Medieval cities contained crowded, wooden houses
    on narrow winding streets.
  • Cities were dirty and smelled, and pollution
    filled the sky and contaminated the water.

10
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