Title: Wave%20Menus:%20Improving%20the%20novice%20mode%20of%20Hierarchical%20Marking%20Menus
1Wave Menus Improving the novice mode of
Hierarchical Marking Menus
LIG Grenoble 1 France
2 ENST Paris France
- Gilles Bailly1,2
- Eric Lecolinet2
- Laurence Nigay1
2 3Compound Marking MenusHierarchical Marking Menus
- Compound marking MenusKurtenbach 93
Novice mode
Expert mode
Novice Mode
4Compound Marking Menus
- Advantages
- Circular design
- Fluid transition
- Scale independance
- Limitations
- Screen space requirement
- Number of commands
- Error rate in expert mode
- Ambiguous marks in expert mode
5Multi-Stroke Marking Menus (Simple Hierarchical
Marking Menus)
Zhao 04
Instead of considering a spatial compound
stroke, Multi-Stroke menus introduce a serie of
simple strokes.
(1)
(2)
Novice mode
Expert mode
6Multi-Stroke Marking Menus
Zhao 04
- Require less physical input space in novice
expert modes - Overlapped marks
- Increase accuracy in expert mode
- Increase the number of items
- No ambiguous gestures in expert mode
7Multi-Stroke Marking Menus
To sum up, Multi-Stroke marking menus have
several advantages that outperform Compound
Marking Menus in expert mode.
However
Interaction is degraded in novice mode
8Multi-Stroke Marking Menus and Novice Mode
- Menu parents are not visible
- Submenus cannot be previewed
Compound Marking Menus
Multi-stroke Marking Menus
9 10Why is the novice mode so important ?
- It is the first interaction mode
- necessary step before the expert mode
- By exploring the menu, users learn where the
commands are - It never disappears
- Most commands are not often used
- People with limited physical skills
- It co-exists with the expert mode
- Reuse after a long lay-off period
11- Introduction
- Novice mode
- OBJECTIVES
12Objectives
- A menu
- As efficient as Multi-Stroke Marking Menus in
expert mode - Efficient in novice mode
- Usable with small screens
A new technique Wave Menus
13- Introduction
- Novice mode
- Objectives
- WAVE MENUS
14Wave Menus (1/4)
The main feature Parent menus surround submenus
- Menu appears
- Menu is enlarged
- Submenu appears
- Final item is selected
15Wave Menus (2/4)
- User looks for Paris
- Scan Cities 1
- Scan Cities 2
- Scan Cities 3
- Select Paris
Exploration of the menu hierarchy rapid scan of
different submenus
16Wave Menus (3/4)
Scale independance
Fast animation to enlarge the root menu
17Wave Menus (4/4)
- Submenus Previsualization
- Rapid scan of possibilities
- Parent menus
- Always visible
- Can be directly selected
- Visual stability of the focus of attention
18Wave Menus (4/4)
- Few physical input space
- In expert mode, Wave Menus work exactly the same
way as Multi-Stroke Menus
Novice Mode
(1)
(2)
Expert Mode
19- Introduction
- Novice mode
- Objectives
- Wave Menus
- Experiment
20Experiment
- Comparison of novice mode efficiency
- Compound Marking Menus
- Multi-Stroke Marking Menus
- Wave Menus
- Inverted Wave Menus
21Inverted Wave Menus
- Wave Menus
- Children of the menu tree in the center
- Parents on the outmost rings
- Inverted Wave Menus
- Tree nodes are displayedin the opposite order
Inverted Wave Menus
22Task and Stimuli
- Exploration of a 2-level menu
- Search cities
- Stimulus
- A city name with his corresponding continent
- The city appears several times
One target
Ex, to find Paris in Europe, users must navigate
in the three Europe submenus
Menus to visit
23Participants Apparatus
- 12 volunteers
- Mouse rather than Stylus
- Most of our users had no experience in using pen
tablets - Mouse is much more commonly used
24Experimental design
- 12 participants
- X 4 menu techniques
- X 3 submenu breadths (4,6 or 8 items)
- X 6 times
- 864 menu selections
25Results Speed
- No effect on Reaction Time.
- Significant effect on Execution Time for menu
techniques
26Results Speed
- No effect on Reaction Time
- Significant effect on Execution Time for menu
techniques - Wave Menus are 18 faster than Multi-Stroke
Marking Menus - Previsualization has a major effect in improving
navigation. - 11/12 subjects said that they could easily get
lost in Multi-Stroke Marking menus.
27Results Speed
- No effect on Reaction Time
- Significant effect on Execution Time for menu
techniques - With Inverted Wave Menus, Users complainted about
the excessive distance between the items they had
to read. - With Wave Menus, most users (10/12) said they
were not bothered by the reversed hierarchy after
sufficient learning time.
28Results Accuracy
97
97
83
93
29- Introduction
- Novice mode
- Objectives
- Wave Menus
- Experiment
- Conclusion
30Conclusion
- Importance of novice mode.
- Wave menus
- As Efficient as Multi-Stroke Marking Menus in
expert mode - As Efficient as Compound Marking Menus in novice
mode - usable with small screens
- Future Work Formalization of menu properties
31Thank you
?
323-Level Wave Menus