Stages%20of%20Human%20Growth%20

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Stages of Human Growth Development
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Zygote

• Fertilization (conception) occurs with the union
  of an egg or ovum and sperm with 23 chromosomes
  each to form the zygote with 46 chromosomes.
• Zygote stage is from conception to 2 weeks.

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Sperm penetrating the egg
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Week 1-3

• 5-7 days after fertilization, the zygote attaches
  to the wall of the uterus (endometrium)
  implantation
• Implantation connections between the mother and
  the embryo will begin to form, including the
  umbilical cord.
• The embryo's growth centers around an axis, which
  will become the spine and spinal cord. The brain,
  spinal cord, heart, and gastrointestinal tract
  begin to form.

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Week 4-5

• Chemicals produced by the embryo stop the woman's
  menstrual cycle.
• Neurogenesis is underway, showing brain activity
  at about the 6th week.
• The heart will begin to beat around the same
  time.
• Limb buds appear where the arms and legs will
  grow later.
• Development of the orgrans begins.

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Week 6-8

• Nerves and muscles have progressed to where the
  embryo is capable of motion, and the eyes begin
  to form.
• Growth continues.
• Hair has started to form along with all essential
  organs.
• Facial features are beginning to develop. At the
  end of the 8th week, the embryonic stage is over,
  and the fetal stage begins.

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Fetus Weeks 9-17

• The fetus is typically about 30 mm (1.2 inches)
• The heart, hands, feet, brain and other organs
  are present, but are only at the beginning of
  development and have minimal operation.
• Fetuses are not capable of feeling pain at the
  beginning of the fetal stage, and will not be
  able to feel pain until the third trimester
• The fetal eyelids close and remain closed for
  several months, and the fetus' sex may be
  apparent.
• Tooth buds appear, the limbs are long and thin,
  and red blood cells are produced in the liver,
• A fine hair called lanugo develops on the head.
• Fetal skin is almost transparent.

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Fetus Weeks 18-27

• The lanugo covers the entire body. Eyebrows,
  eyelashes, fingernails, and toenails appear.
• The fetus has increased muscle development.
• Alveoli (air sacs) form in lungs.
• The nervous system develops enough to control
  some body functions.
• A woman pregnant for the first time typically
  feels fetal movements at about 20-21 weeks,
  whereas a woman who has already given birth at
  least two times will typically feel movements
  around 16 weeks.
• By the end of the fifth month, the fetus is about
  20 cm (8 inches).

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Fetus Weeks 28-40

• The amount of body fat rapidly increases.
• Thalamic brain connections, which mediate sensory
  input, form.
• Bones are fully developed, but are still soft and
  pliable.
• The lanugo begins to disappear, until it is gone
  except on the upper arms and shoulders.
• Head hair becomes coarse and thicker.
• Birth is imminent and occurs around the 38th
  week. The fetus is considered full-term between
  weeks 35 and 40 which means that the fetus is
  considered sufficiently developed for life
  outside the uterus.
• It may be 48 to 53 cm (19 to 21 inches) in
  length, when born.

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Prenatal Development

• First Trimester weeks 1 12 embryo is most
  susceptible to environmental effects
• Second Trimester weeks 13 24 body growth
  begins, suckling and swallowing develops
• Third Trimester weeks 25 birth growth of the
  brain is great, can see and hear, all organs
  systems are developed

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Newborn or Neonate

• A newborn infant from day 1 to 28 days
• Rapid changes occur during this period
• Genetic and congenital disorders are often
  diagnosed

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Neonate in NICU (Neonatal Intensive care)
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Baby Stats

• Full term baby about 7 pounds and 19.5 inches
  long
• Baby grows 10 12 inches the first year of life
• Newborn gains about an ounce per day
• By four months, weight is doubled (much of the
  early weight is fat) tripled by one year
  quadrupled by age 2

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Attachment Stage

• From 6 months and 3 years - the infant seeks
  proximity to mom/caregiver
• The forming of attachments is considered to be
  the foundation of the infant/child's capacity to
  form and conduct relationships throughout life
• Infants become attached to adults who are
  sensitive and responsive in social interactions
  with the infant, and who remain as consistent
  caregivers for some time.
• A lack of attachment or a seriously disrupted
  capacity for attachment could potentially amount
  to serious disorders

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Infancy Development Stages

• 6 months sit
• 8 months creep
• 10 months crawl imitate word sounds actions
• 12 months stand
• 13 months walk
• 14 months baby understands that he can make
  things happen by his actions
• 16 months enjoys games and songs
• 18 months vocabulary explodes

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Age-related development terms

• Stages
• newborn (ages 01 month)
• infant (ages 1 month 1 year)
• toddler (ages 13 years)
• preschooler (ages 46 years)
• school-aged child (ages 613 years)
• adolescent (ages 1318)

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Preschool development
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Preschool children

• Making developmental strides and express an
  interest in the world around them
• Want to touch, taste, smell, hear, and test
  things for themselves.
• Learn from their play.
• Busy developing skills, using language, and
  struggling to gain inner control (improving gross
  motor and developing fine motor skills)
• Fears often develop during the preschool years.
• May still have trouble getting along with other
  children and sharing
• May have trouble telling fantasy from reality
  they may also talk about imaginary friends
• Need clear and simple rules so that they know the
  boundaries of acceptable behavior.

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Middle childhood 6 12 years

• By 12 yrs, about 5 ft tall
• Children can dress themselves by age 6
• Refine motor skills catch a ball more easily
  with only their hands, and tie their shoes.
• Friendships become more and more important.
• Physical, social, and mental skills (cognitive)
  develop rapidly at this time.
• This is a critical time for children to develop
  confidence in all areas of life, such as through
  friends, schoolwork, and sports

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Emotional/Social Changes

• More independence from parents and family.
• Stronger sense of right and wrong.
• Beginning awareness of the future.
• Growing understanding about ones place in the
  world.
• More attention to friendships and teamwork.
• Growing desire to be liked and accepted by
  friends.

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Adolescence 11 18 years

• Girls develop quicker than boys (by 2 yrs.)
• Awkward, clumsy stage
• Hormones acne, sweat
• Primary and secondary sex changes facial hair,
  breast development, etc.

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Movement Towards Independence

• Struggle with sense of identity
• Feeling awkward or strange about one's self and
  one's body
• Focus on self, alternating between high
  expectations and poor self-esteem
• Interests and clothing style influenced by peer
  group
• Moodiness
• Improved ability to use speech to express one's
  self
• Realization that parents are not perfect
  identification of their faults
• Less overt affection shown to parents, with
  occasional rudeness
• Complaints that parents interfere with
  independence
• Tendency to return to childish behavior,
  particularly when stressed

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Future Interests and Cognitive Changes

• Mostly interested in present, with limited
  thoughts of the future
• Intellectual interests expand and gain in
  importance
• Greater ability to do work (physical, mental,
  emotional)

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Sexuality

• Display shyness, blushing, and modesty
• Girls develop physically sooner than boys
• Increased interest in sex
• Movement toward heterosexuality with fears of
  homosexuality
• Concerns regarding physical and sexual
  attractiveness to others
• Frequently changing relationships
• Worries about being normal

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Morals, Values, and Self-Direction

• Rule and limit testing
• Capacity for abstract thought
• Development of ideals and selection of role
  models
• More consistent evidence of conscience
• Experimentation with sex and drugs (cigarettes,
  alcohol, and marijuana)