The%20Reproductive%20System%20-%20Female

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• The Reproductive System - Female

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Describe the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy
of the ovaries. LT4

• Lie in shallow depressions on each side of pelvic
  cavity (homologous to testes)
• Outer cortex inner medulla
• Contains many saclike follicles containing
  oocytes
• 2,000,000 at birth
• 300 - 400K by puberty
• About 400 reach maturation

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Ovarian anatomy contd

• Follicular development 1º follicle ?
  2º follicle ? Graafian follicle
• 1º follicle has 1º oocyte (46 chromosomes)
  meiotically to become 2º oocyte (23) w/one cell
  getting most of cytoplasm

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Ovarian anatomy contd

• 2º oocyte is pushed to one side of follicle
  becomes
• Graafian follicle under pressure balloons out
  on ovarian surface
• Wall bursts, egg is released ovulation
• Egg surrounded by corona radiata (follicular cells

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Genital tract

• Uterine (fallopian) tubes extend from uterus to
  ovaries (homologous to vas deferens)
• Uterus (womb) pear sized, thick walled muscular
  organ (together w/vagina clitoris homologous to
  penis)
• vagina (birth canal) folded fibro muscular wall

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Describe the ovarian and uterine cycles. LT5

• 28 days 1-13 follicle develops secretes
  estrogen
• Day 14 ovulation
• 15-28 corpus luteum secretes progesterone to
  prepare womb degenerates if no pregnancy

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Describe the ovarian and uterine cycles. LT5

• Effects of hormones on uterus
• Days 1-5 endometrium disintegrates due to low
  hormone levels
• Days 6-13 ? estrogen (ovarian follicle) causes
  endometrium to thicken
• 14 ovulation
• 15-28 - ? estrogen (c. luteum) causes endometrium
  to double
• No pregnancy low hormones disintegration

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Temporal constraints for accomplishing
fertilization.What is fertilization?

• Fertilization is when a sperm fuses with an egg
  to form a zygote
• Temporal (time) constraints for accomplishing
  fertilization are
• Oocyte is viable for 12 to 24 hrs
• Sperm is viable for 24 to 72 hrs
• Coitus must occur no more than 3 days before
  ovulation and 24 hrs after ovulation

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Speculate as to the adaptive significance of
orgasm.

• Fertilization happens in fallopian tubes w/12-24h
  window
• Advantageous for sperm to get through to f.t.
  asap
• Male orgasm contraction relaxation that
  propels sperm forward, prostaglandins cause
  uterine contractions

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Females have 2 types of orgasms

• During a clitoral orgasm, the vagina becomes
  longer, and it causes a pocket to be formed
  beneath the uterus. (sperm holding tank)
• During a vaginal orgasm, the uterus drops lower
  and shortens the vagina. (shorter sperm path)
• Stimulation of both the vagina and clitoris can
  cause a blended orgasm, the third type of orgasm.

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Review

• http//videos.onepakistan.com/pktube/video/haijRTe
  2iCI/7-THE-REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM.html

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Discuss the anatomical physiological changes
that occur in the reproductive system and we age.

• Males testosterone production diminishes gt 50 ?
  enlargement of prostate
• Sperm production declines w/age
• Impotency increases w/age due to degenerative
  vascular changes of penis
• Reduced erection until close to ejaculation

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females

• Menopause ovarian uterine cycles cease
  (45-55)
• Atrophy of secondary sex characteristics
• Wrinkling
• Osteoporosis
• Higher risk for heart attack