EOC%20Review:%20Wars%20in%20U.S.%20History

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EOC ReviewWars in U.S. History

• Mr. Johnson
• U.S. History

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French Indian War

• When? 1754-1763
• Who? British/Colonists vs. French/Indians
• Why? Imperial conflict
• Turning Points Braddock fails William Pitt
  takes charge
• End of War? Treaty of Paris of 1763
• Results
• France lost its N. Am. empire
• War debt for British taxation!!!
• Proclamation Line of 1763
• Colonial militias unity, military experience
  (Albany Plan)

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Revolutionary War

• When? 1775-1783
• Who? British/Loyalists vs. Colonists/Patriots
• Why? Independence, taxation, salutary
  neglect, land/expansion
• Turning Points? Saratoga, Franco-American
  alliance
• End of War? Treaty of Paris of 1783
• Results
• Independence
• Articles of Confederation

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Proclamation of Neutrality
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War of 1812

• When? 1812-1814
• President? James Madison
• Who? U.S. vs. Britain
• Why? Impressment, Indian attacks
• Turning Points? Washington, D.C. Ft.
  McHenry
• End of War? Treaty of Ghent Battle of
  N.O.
• Results
• Wave of nationalism
• Era of Good Feeling
• 2nd War for Independence
• Boosted American industry

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War of 1812

• Homefront
• Economy helped industry hurt shipping
• Women minorities Indians were weakened b/c
  their British allies lost the war
• Civil liberties - ???
• Media public opinion SW supported war hawks
  NE opposed b/c they depended on English trade
  Hartford Convention
• Power of government weak failed invasion of
  Canada strong Battle of N.O. led to nationalism

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Mexican War

• When? 1846-1848
• President? James K. Polk
• Who? U.S. vs. Mexico
• Why? Manifest Destiny, Texas border disputes
• Turning Points? Bear Flag Revolt
  Vera Cruz
• End of War? Treaty of Guadalupe
  Hidalgo
• Results
• Mexican Cession
• Manifest Destiny fulfilled
• Wilmot Proviso/Compromise of 1850

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Mexican war

• Homefront
• Economy lots of new land Homestead Act RR
  construction
• Women minorities Mexicans lost land
• Civil liberties Thoreau Civil Disobedience
• Media public opinion war was controversial
  b/c unfair to Mexico spread slavery
• Power of government Strong Manifest Destiny

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Civil War

• When? 1861-1865
• President? Abraham Lincoln
• Who? Union (North) vs. Confederacy (South)
• Why? Slavery, states rights,tariffs election
  of Lincoln Ft. Sumter
• Turning Points? Gettysburg
  Vicksburg Emancipation Proclamation
• End of War? Lee surrenders to Grant at
  Appomattox
• Results
• Slavery abolished 13/14/15th Amendments
• Reconstruction of the south
• National supremacy over states
• Bloodiest war in American history

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Civil War

• Homefront
• Economy helped northern industry hurt southern
  agriculture
• Women minorities Af Am slavery ended/13/14/15
  amendments women nurses in Red Cross
• Civil liberties suspension of habeas corpus
  martial law
• Media public opinion Lincoln was
  controversial b/c of racial issues b/c war was
  long costly
• Power of government Strong national supremacy
  beat states rights

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Indian Wars

• When? Late 1800s
• President? Johnson through Harrison
• Who? U.S. vs. Plains Indians
• Why? Manifest Destiny, land, gold, RRs
• Turning Points? Sand Creek, Ft. Laramie, Little
  Big Horn
• End of War? Ghost Dance/Wounded Knee
• Results
• See next slide

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Indian Wars

• Homefront
• Economy new land Homestead Act RRs
• Women minorities Indians lost land Dawes Act
  assimilation Buffalo Bills Wild West Shows
  Buffalo Soldiers
• Civil liberties -
• Media public opinion Century of Dishonor
  U.S. had broken treaties with Indians
• Power of government from sea to shining sea

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Spanish-American War

• When? 1898
• President? William McKinley
• Who? U.S. vs. Spain
• Why? imperialism USS Maine Yellow
  journalism
• Turning Points? San Juan Hill,
  Manila Bay
• End of War? Treaty of Paris
• Results
• Short, sucessful war (splendid little war)
• Spain loses its empire
• U.S. gains an empire (Philippines, Guam, Puerto
  Rico)
• Platt Amendment (Cuba)

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Spanish-American War

• Homefront
• Economy empire was a boost to trade
• Women minorities annexed citizens didnt have
  full rights (i.e. Filipinos)
• Civil liberties - ???
• Media public opinion splendid little war
  yellow journalism popular war
• Power of government strong b/c we won war
  quickly

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World War I

• When? 1914-1918
• President? Woodrow Wilson
• Who? Allied Powers vs. Central
  Powers
• Why? Assassination of F.F. submarine
  warfare
• Why US involvement? Zimmerman Note
• Turning Points? Trenches stalemate
  Russian Revolution
• End of War? Armistice Treaty of Versailles
• Results
• U.S. returns to isolationism, fails to join
  League of Nations
• Red Scare in U.S./nativism
• Wartime regulations/Return to Normalcy
• Germany war guilt reparations

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World War I

• Homefront
• Economy boosted b/c of war prodn shortages of
  food victory gardens, farmer profits
• Women minorities women in factories 19th
  amendment segregated armed forces
• Civil liberties Espionage and Sedition Act
  Schenck v. US
• Media public opinion pro-war propaganda
  neutrality changed to involvement
• Power of government strong for war economy
  weak b/c Wilsons League of Nations failed

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World War II

• When? 1939-1945
• President? F.D.R. Harry S. Truman
• Who? Axis Powers vs. Allied Powers
• Why? Military aggression appeasement
  Lend-Lease Pearl Harbor
• Turning Points? Stalingrad,
  D-Day, Midway
• End of War? Fall of Berlin (VE Day) Atomic bombs
  (VJ Day)
• Results
• Holocaust
• Creation of United Nations
• Cold War U.S. vs. Soviet Union

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World War II

• Homefront
• Economy pulled US out of depression rationing
  GI Bill to aid veterans
• Women minorities Rosie the Riveter Japanese
  American internment
• Civil liberties Four Freedoms speech
• Media public opinion Pearl Harbor changed
  public opinion in favor of war
• Power of government draft war prodn board
  atomic bomb

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Korean War

• When? 1950-1953
• President? Harry S. Truman, Dwight D.
  Eisenhower
• Who? U.S. S. Korea vs. China N.
  Korea
• Why? 38th Parallel, N. Korea invaded S.
  Korea
• Turning Points? U.N. invasion, Chinese
  invasion
• End of War? 38th Parallel
• Results
• Containment of communism
• Limited war
• Civilian control over military (MacArthur fired)

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Cold War

• Homefront
• Economy fallout shelters duck and cover Taft
  Hartley Act
• Women minorities nativism
• Civil liberties spies (Hiss Rosenbergs)
  McCarthyism/Red Scare
• Media public opinion Hollywood blacklist
• Power of government space race nukes NASA
  National Defense Education Act CIA

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Vietnam War

• When? 1965-1975
• President? L.B.J., Richard Nixon
• Who? U.S. S. Vietnam vs. N. Vietnam
  Vietcong
• Why? Domino Theory Gulf of Tonkin
• Turning Points? Tet Offensive, Pentagon
  Papers, Vietnamization
• End of War? U.S. withdraws, South falls
• Results
• 26th Amendment
• War Powers Act
• Distrust of government/Social unrest

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Vietnam War

• Homefront
• Economy undermined LBJs Great Society
  stagflation
• Women minorities Civil rights black
  power/New Left
• Civil liberties Kent State shootings
• Media public opinion Pentagon Papers
  plumbers Watergate antiwar movement My Lai
  massacre 1968 Dem. Convention
• Power of government draft 26th Amendment
  blank check War Powers Act

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Grenada

• When? 1983
• President? Ronald Reagan
• Who? US vs. Grenadan Communists/Cuba
• Why? Communist overthrow of Grenadan
  govt
• Turning Points? n/a
• End of War? Communists eliminated
• Results
• Vast US military superiority
• Short, controlled war no more Vietnams

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Panama

• When? 1989
• President? George HW Bush
• Who? US vs. Panamaian military
• Why? Noriega unfriendly dictator
  drugs
• Turning Points? n/a
• End of War? Noriega imprisoned
• Results
• Short, controlled war no more Vietnams
• New Panamanian govt friendly to US
• 1999 canal handed over to Panama

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Persian Gulf War

• When? 1991
• President? George H.W. Bush
• Who? U.N. vs. Iraq
• Why? Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
• Turning Points? n/a
• End of War? Kuwait liberated
• Results
• Lopsided war Exorcising the ghosts of Vietnam
• Saddam left in power
• Weapons inspections

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Bosnian War

• When? 1995
• President? Bill Clinton
• Who? N.A.T.O. vs. Bosnian Serbs
• Why? Human rights
• Turning Points? n/a
• End of War? Dayton Peace Agreement
• Results
• Continuation of human rights policy
• U.S. involvement limited to air campaign no more
  Vietnams

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Somalia

• When? 1993
• President? Bill Clinton
• Who? U.S. vs. Somalian warlords
• Why? Human rights
• Turning Points? Black Hawk Down
• End of War? U.S. withdraws
  troops
• Results
• Continuation of human rights policy
• Reluctance to involve military in protracted
  peacekeeping efforts in Africa
• U.S. did little to stop Rwandan genocide

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Afghanistan

• When? 2001
• President? George W. Bush, Barack Obama
• Who? U.S. vs. Taliban/Al-Qaeda
• Why? 9/11 attacks
• Turning Points? ???
• End of War? Withdrawal planned for
  2014
• Results
• Longest American war (13 years) waning public
  support
• Overthrow of Taliban, disruption of Al-Qaeda
• bin Laden killed, 2011
• Reconstruction of Afghanistan

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War on Terror

• Homefront
• Economy 9/11 hurt economy national debt
  increased
• Women minorities Arab Americans Muslims
  discrimination
• Civil liberties PATRIOT Act NDAA Homeland
  Security drones/UAVs kill lists airport
  security waterboarding Guantanamo Bay
• Media public opinion threat level internet
  news waning public support atrocities undermine
  support for war
• Power of government vastly increased (see civil
  liberties)

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Iraq War

• When? 2003-2011
• President? Bush, Obama
• Who? U.S./U.K. vs. Iraq
• Why? Human rights, terrorism, suspected WMDs
• Turning Points? n/a
• End of War? Capture of Baghdad, arrest of Saddam
• Results
• Overthrow of Saddam
• Failure to find WMDs
• Iraqi insurgency
• Increasingly unpopular war

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Libyan Civil War

• When?
  2011
• President? Barack Obama
• Who? NATO/Libyan Rebels vs. Gaddafi
• Why? Human rights, dictatorship
• Turning Points? n/a
• End of War? Rebel victory, Gaddafi dead
• Results
• Multilateral cooperation
• No US soldiers killed
• ???

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Wars in American History
War Dates Pres-ident Combat-ants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
French Indian War 1757-1763 n/a
American Revolution 1775-1783 n/a
Quasi War 1798-1800
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Wars in American History
War Dates President Combatants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
Barbary Wars 1801-1815
War of 1812 1812-1815
Mexican War 1846-1848
Civil War 1861-1865
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Wars in American History
War Dates President Combatants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
Western Indian Wars Late 1800s
Spanish-American War 1898
World War I 1914-1918
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Wars in American History
War Dates President Combatants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
World War II 1939-1945
Korean War 1950-1953
Vietnam War 1965-1975
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Wars in American History
War Dates President Combatants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
Invasion of Grenada 1983
Invasion of Panama 1989
Persian Gulf War 1991
Bosnian War 1992-1996
Somalian Civil War 1992-1995
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Wars in American History
War Dates President Combatants Causes Turning Points End Results Homefront
War on Terror Afghan War 2001-????
Iraq War 2003-2011