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The Basis of Cellular Inheritance

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The Basis of Cellular Inheritance 10.2 and 10.3 Vocabulary Clarification Human Karyotype HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES: carry the same genetic info, one copy is from Mom and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Basis of Cellular Inheritance


1
The Basis of Cellular Inheritance
  • 10.2 and 10.3

2
Vocabulary Clarification
3
Human Karyotype
XX Female XY Male
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES carry the same genetic
info, one copy is from Mom and one copy is from
Dad
4
Diploid vs. Haploid
  • Diploid cells (2n) have 2 sets of chromosomes
    (somatic cells- almost all the cells in the body)
  • Haploid cells (n) have one set of chromosomes
    (gametes or sex cells)

5
The Cell Cycle
6
INTERPHASE
7
Phases of Mitosis PROPHASE
8
Phases of Mitosis METAPHASE
9
Phases of Mitosis ANAPHASE
10
Phases of Mitosis TELOPHASE
11
Regulating The Cell Cycle
  • Cells complete the cell cycle at different paces
    some cells dont divide
  • (ex neurons, cardiac muscle)
  • Special proteins (called cyclins) direct the
    sequence of events and serve as checkpoints
  • When this control system malfunctions, cells
    reproduce at the wrong time

12
Tumors and Cancer
  • Cancer is a disorder in which some of the bodys
    cells lose the ability to control growth.
  • As a result, cells divide uncontrollably and form
    masses of cells called tumors (can be benign or
    malignant).
  • Sometimes cancer cells break away from the tumor
    and spread from their site of origin
    (metastasis).
  • Combating cancer requires a deep understanding of
    the cell cycle.

13
Cancer Treatment
  • SURGERY
  • Remove tumor from tissue
  • RADIATION
  • Expose dividing tumor cells to high-energy
    radiation to disrupt division
  • CHEMOTHERAPY
  • Use antimitotic drugs to prevent spindle
    formation or function
  • SIDE EFFECTS
  • Damage reproductive cell development (sterility)
  • Damage intestinal cells (nausea)
  • Damage hair follicle cells (hair loss)
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