Figure 33.2 Review of animal phylogeny

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Figure 33.2 Review of animal phylogeny
Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• no backbone
• 95 of all animals
• Tree based on body plan
• Phylum Porifera (sponge)
• No true tissue (parazoa)
• Sessile porous
• Most are hermaphrodites

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Figure 33.4 Anatomy of a sponge
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Figure 33.2 Review of animal phylogeny

• - Invertebrates
• no backbone
• 95 of all animals
• Tree based on body plan
• Phylum Porifera (sponge)
• No true tissue (Parazoa)
• Sessile porous
• Most are hermaphrodites
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Phylum Cnidaria
• Radial symmetry diploblastic
• Gastrovascular cavity
• 1 opening - both mouth anus
• Sessile polyp or floating medusa

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Figure 33.5 Polyp and medusa forms of cnidarians
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Table 33.1 Classes of Phylum Cnidaria
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Figure 33.7 Cnidarians
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Figure 33.2 Review of animal phylogeny

• - Invertebrates
• no backbone
• 95 of all animals
• Tree based on body plan
• Phylum Porifera (sponge)
• No true tissue (parazoa)
• Sessile porous
• Most are hermaphrodites
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Phylum Cnidaria
• Radial symmetry diploblastic
• Gastrovascular cavity
• 1 opening - both mouth anus
• Sessile polyp or floating medusa
• Bilateral symmetry triploblastic
• Body cavities of lophotrochozoa

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Figure 32.8 Body plans of triploblastic animals
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Acoelomates
• Phylum Platyhelminthes flat as a plate
• Tapeworms flukes
• Gastrovascular cavity with 1 opening
• Tapeworms absorb nutrients along
• the length of their body

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Figure 33.10 Anatomy of a planarian, a
turbellarian
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Table 33.2 Classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelomates
• Phylum Nematoda (round worms)

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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Body cavities of lophotrochozoa
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelomates
• Phylum Nematoda (round worms)
• Mostly aquatic habitats in body fluids
  tissues
• Tough transparent cuticle unsegmented body
• Complete digestive tract
• Nutrients spread in fluid of pseudocoelom
• Trichinella spiralis trichinosis in undercooked
  meat
• C. elegans

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Figure 33.27 Juveniles of the parasitic nematode
Trichinella spiralis encysted in human muscle
tissue (LM)
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Body cavities of lophotrochozoa
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelomates
• Coelomates
• Phylum Mollusca (snails, clams, oysters, octopus,
  etc)

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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Body cavities of lophotrochozoa
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelomates
• Coelomates
• Phylum Mollusca (snails, clams, oysters, octopus,
  etc)
• Muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle
• Soft-bodied but most are protected by shell
• secreted by mantle

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Figure 33.16 The basic body plan of a mollusc
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Table 33.3 Major Classes of Phylum Mollusca
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelomates
• Coelomates
• Phylum Mollusca (snails, clams, oysters, octopus,
  etc)
• Muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle
• Soft-bodied but most are protected by shell
• secreted by mantle
• Phylum Annelida segemented worm earthworms,
  leeches

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Figure 32.11 One hypothesis of animal phylogeny
based mainly on molecular data
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelomates
• Coelomates
• Phylum Mollusca (snails, clams, oysters, octopus,
  etc)
• Phylum Annelida segmented worm earthworms,
  leeches
• Damp climates
• Divided coelom
• Closed circulatory system
• Digestive tract with specialized regions
• Ventral nerve cord cerebral ganglia

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Figure 33.23 Anatomy of an earthworm
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Table 33.4 Classes of Phylum Annelida
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelomates
• Coelomates
• Phylum Mollusca (snails, clams, oysters, octopus,
  etc)
• Phylum Annelida segmented worm earthworms,
  leeches
• Damp climates
• Divided coelom
• Closed circulatory system
• Digestive tract with specialized regions
• Ventral nerve cord cerebral ganglia
• Phylum Arthropoda jointed feet insects,
  spiders, crustaceans

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Figure 32.11 One hypothesis of animal phylogeny
based mainly on molecular data
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelomates
• Coelomates
• Phylum Mollusca (snails, clams, oysters, octopus,
  etc)
• Phylum Annelida segmented worm earthworms,
  leeches
• Phylum Arthropoda jointed feet insects,
  spiders, crustaceans
• Regional segmentation jointed appendages
• Appendages for walking, eating, copulating,
  defense, sensing
• Exoskeleton of chitin proteins molts
• Extensive cephalization
• Open circulatory system

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Figure 33.29 External anatomy of an arthropod
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Table 33.5 Subphyla of Phylum Arthropoda
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelomates
• Coelomates
• Phylum Mollusca (snails, clams, oysters, octopus,
  etc)
• Phylum Annelida segmented worm earthworms,
  leeches
• Phylum Arthropoda jointed feet insects,
  spiders, crustaceans
• Insects
• Most have wings 1 or 2 pair
• Malpighian tubules remove waste from hemolymph
• Tracheal system for gas exchange
• Ventral nerve cords
• Incomplete of complete metamorphosis
• Pollination crop destruction
• Disease carriers

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Figure 33.35 Anatomy of a grasshopper, an insect
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelomates
• Coelomates
• Phylum Mollusca (snails, clams, oysters, octopus,
  etc)
• Phylum Annelida segmented worm earthworms,
  leeches
• Phylum Arthropoda jointed feet insects,
  spiders, crustaceans
• Insects
• Most have wings 1 or 2 pair
• Malpighian tubules remove waste from hemolymph
• Tracheal system for gas exchange
• Ventral nerve cords
• Incomplete or complete metamorphosis
• Significant ecological impact
• Pollination crop destruction
• Disease carriers
• Deuterostomes

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Figure 32.11 One hypothesis of animal phylogeny
based mainly on molecular data
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelmates
• Coelomates
• Deuterostomes
• Phylum Echinodermata spiny skin sea urchin,
  sea stars,
• Sessile or slow movers as adults
• Radial symmetry

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Figure 33.40 Echinoderms
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Chapter 33 Invertebrates

• - Invertebrates
• True tissue (Eumetazoa)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Body cavities of lophotrochozoa
• Acoelomates
• Pseudocoelmates
• Coelomates
• Deuterostomes
• Phylum Echinodermata spiny skin sea urchin,
  sea stars,
• Sessile or slow movers as adults
• Radial symmetry
• Phylum Chordata Ch 34 - vertebrates

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Table 33.7 Selected Animal Phyla
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