QQ 4/14/08 Draw and label a nerve cell include: cell body, dendrite, axon, schwann cell, terminal, synapse.

1
QQ 4/14/08 Draw and label a nerve cell include
cell body, dendrite, axon, schwann cell,
terminal, synapse.
2
KEY CONCEPT How do the organ systems
communicate? By the Nervous System and Endocrine
System
3
Communication systems maintain homeostasis.

• A stimulus causes a response.
• Responses can be chemical, cellular, or
  behavioral.
• The nervous and endocrine systems respond to
  stimuli.

4

• The nervous system controls thoughts, movement,
  and motion.
• This happens quickly

• The endocrine system controls growth,
  development, and digestion.
• This happens more slowly

5
The nervous and endocrine systems have different
methods and rates of communication.

• The nervous system works quickly, using chemical
  and electrical signals.

• interconnected network of cells
• signals move through cells
• divided into central nervous system (CNS) and
  peripheral nervous system (PNS)

6

• The endocrine system works more slowly.

• only chemical signals
• signals move through bloodstream
• physically unconnected organs

7
KEY CONCEPT Nervous System - made of highly
specialized cells.
8
Neurons are highly specialized cells.

• A neuron has three parts.
• cell body has nucleus and organelles

9
Neurons are highly specialized cells.

• A neuron has three parts.
• cell body has nucleus and organelles

• dendrites receive impulses

10
Neurons are highly specialized cells.

• A neuron has three parts.
• cell body has nucleus and organelles

• dendrites receive impulses

• axon carries impulses

11

• Neurons have other structures to transmit signals.

• Schwann cell

12

• Neurons have other structures to transmit signals.

• Schwann cell

• synapse

13

• Neurons have other structures to transmit signals.

• Schwann cell

• synapse

• terminal

14
Neurons receive and transmit signals.

• Resting potential means no signal is being
  transmitted.
• more Na outside of cell
• more K inside of cell

15

• An action potential is a moving electrical
  impulse.

• It is generated by a stimulus.
• Na enters, and cell becomes positively charged.
• K leaves, and area of positive charge moves.

16

• A chemical signal passes between neurons.

• Impulse reaches terminal.

impulse
17

• A chemical signal passes between neurons.

• Impulse reaches terminal.

impulse
18

• A chemical signal passes between neurons.

• Impulse reaches terminal.

• Neurotransmitters released into synapse.

impulse
19

• A chemical signal passes between neurons.

• Impulse reaches terminal.
• Neurotransmitters released into synapse.

• Neurotransmitters stimulate next cell.

impulse
20
KEY CONCEPT The senses detect the internal and
external environments.
21
The senses help to maintain homeostasis.

• Senses gather stimuli, and send it to the nervous
  system.
• Nervous system responds to stimuli.
• Pupils shrink when too much light enters the
  eyes.
• Goose bumps when cold air touches skin.

22
The senses detect physical and chemical stimuli.

• The eye is for vision.
• Special cells collect light information (rod and
  cone cells)
• Send information to brain in the optic nerve (a
  bunch of neurons)

23

• The ear is for to hearing.

• Special hair cells in inner ear.
• Bend with sound, each hair cell is attached to a
  neuron that sends the information to the brain

24

• Taste and smell use chemoreceptors.

• Special cells in nose and mouth that are
  sensitive to chemicals
• Attached to neurons that send the information to
  the brain

25

• The skin senses touch.

• Special cells to detect three things
• Pressure / touch
• Pain
• Temperature

26

• The spinal cord controls reflexes.

• sensory neuron sends information to spinal cord
• spinal cord directs information to motor neuron
• does not involve the brain

27
The PNS links the CNS to muscles and other organs.

• The somatic nervous system regulates voluntary
  movements.
• The autonomic nervous system controls
  involuntary, functions

• sympathetic nervous system fight vs. flight

• parasympathetic nervous system calms the body,
  conserves energy

28
KEY CONCEPT The endocrine system produces
hormones that affect growth, development, and
homeostasis.
29
Hormones influence a cells activities by
entering the cell or binding to its membrane.

• Glands are organs of the endocrine system.

30

• Hormones are chemical signals that influence
  cells activities.

• produced by glands
• travel through the circulatory system
• affects cells with matching receptors

31
Endocrine glands secrete hormones that act
throughout the body.

• There are many glands located throughout the body.

• Hormones travel through the bloodstream to cells
  with matching receptors.

32
The hypothalamus interacts with the nervous and
endocrine systems.

• a structure of both the nervous andendocrine
  systems
• produces releasing hormones,sent to pituitary
  gland
• The pituitary gland is found below the
  hypothalamus in the brain.
• controls growth and waterlevels in blood
• produces releasing hormones sent throughout the
  body

• The hypothalamus is a gland found in the brain.

33

• Releasing hormones stimulate other glands to
  produce hormones.

• allow glands to communicate with one another
• are used in temperature regulation