LAYING OUT AND LAYOUT TOOLS

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LAYING OUT AND LAYOUT TOOLS
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OBJECTIVES

• FAMILIAR WITH DIFFERENT BASIC LAYOUT TOOLS.
• ITS USES AND MAINTENANCE.

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INTRODUCTION

• LAYING OUT IS THE PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTING
• GUIDELINES AND CENTERS BASED ON THE WORKING
  DRAWINGS PRIOR TO MACHINING.
• AN ACCURATE,SYSTEMATIC AND FULL SIZE
• REPRODUCTION OF LINES,CIRCLES,ARC AND OTHER
  CONSTRUCTIVE DETAILS FROM A DRAWING TO THE
  MATERIAL TO BE MACHINED OR CUT.

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LAYOUT TOOLS

• STEEL RULE-ALTHOUGH CALLED A MEASURING
  INSTRUMENT,MAY ALSO BE CONSIDERED A LAYOUT TOOLS
  AS IT IS INDESPENSABLE IN LAYOUT WORK FOR TAKING
  MEASUREMENTS NOT
• REQUIRING PRECISION.

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• STEEL RULE HOLDER-FOR HOLDING STEEL RULES
• IN UPRIGHT POSITION, USED IN TRANSFERRING
  MEASUREMENTS WITH SURFACE GAGES.

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• SURFACE GAGE-USED IN LAYOUT WORK FOR SCRIBING ON
  HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL SURFACES.IT MAY BE ALSO
  USED FOR LEVELING
• CASTINGS ON A MACHINE OR FOR INSPECTING
• WORKS.

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• SURFACE PLATE-A PRECISION TOOL MADE OF CAST IRON
  OR GRANITE.ITS TOP SURFACE IS
• MACHINE AND SCRAPE FLAT.IT IS USED IN LAYOUT
• AND INSPECTION WORK AS A BASE UPON WHICH
• TO REST THE WORK AND THE TOOLS.

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• V-BLOCKS-ARE PRECISION TOOLS WITH SURFACE
• SCRAPED OR GROUND FLAT,SQUARE AND PARALLEL
  USE TO HOLD CYLINDRICAL WORK
• PIECE DURING DRILLING OPERATION.

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• SCRIBERS-POINTED TOOLS,MADE OF HARD STEEL
• USED FOR DRAWING LINES ALONG STRAIGHT EDGES
  OR AROUND PATTERNS,OR SIMPLY FOR
• MARKING POINTS.

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• DIVIDER-IS USED LIKE A COMPASS TO LAYOUT
• CIRCLES,ARC OR DISTANCES,SUCH AS IN SPACING
  CENTERS OF HOLES TO BE DRILLED
• AND TO CONSTRUCT OTHER GEOMETICAL FIGURES.

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• HERMAPHRODITE CALIPER-THEY HAVE ONE LEG
• SIMILAR TO A LEG OF AN OUTSIDE CALIPER,AND
• THE OTHER OF THAT TO A DIVIDER.

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• TRAMMELS-ARE VERSATILE LAYOUT TOOLS USED
• IN PLACE OF THE DIVIDER,HERMAPHRODITE
  CALIPER,OUTSIDE CALIPER,AND INSIDE CALIPER
• WHEN THE DISTANCES TO BE LAID OUT ARE BEYOND
  THE CAPACITY OF THESE TOOLS.

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• CENTER PUNCH-IS USED FOR MARKING CENTERS
• OF A HOLE TO DRILLED.ITS POINT IS GROUND TO AN
• ANGLE OF 90 DEGREES.

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• PRICK PUNCH-SIMILAR TO A CENTER PUNCH,BUT
• ITS POINT IS MORE POINTED(30-60 DEGREES).IT
  IS
• USED FOR MARKING CENTERS OF CIRCLES OR FOR
  MAKING INDENTATIONS ON A CIRCLES OR
• ALONG A LAYOUT LINE.

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• COMBINATION SET-CONSIST OF THREE COMBINATIONS
  MAKING IT A VERSATILE LAYOUT
• TOOL.THE STEEL RULE, MAY BE USED WITH THE
• CENTER HEAD,THE SQUARE HEAD,OR THE PROTRACTOR
  HEAD TO FORM THE FOLLOWING
• COMBINATION

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• CENTER SQUARE-USED FOR LOCATING CENTERS
• OF CYLINDRICAL OR SQUARE WORK PIECES.

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• COMBINATION SQUARE-MAY BE USED AS A TRY
• SQUARE,AND AS A RULE AND HOLDER WHEN
• TRANSFERRING HEIGHT MEASUREMENT.

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• BEVEL PROTRACTOR-IS USED FOR LAYING OUT
• OR FOR CHECKING ANGLES.

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• COMBINATION BEVEL AND MITER SQUARE-IS USED
• FOR CHECKING,LAYING OUT,AND TRANSFERRING
• ANGLES.

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LAYOUT COLORING MATERIALS

• CERTAIN MATERIAL USED TO COLOR THE SURFACES OF
  METALS TO MAKE THE LAYOUT LINES STAND CLEAR AND
  SHARP.
• ORDINARY BLACKBOARD CHALK CAN BE RUBBED
• OVER THE ROUGH SURFACE OF CAST IRON OR OVER
  THE ROUGH END OF STEEL FOR DRAWING
• LINES TO LOCATE CENTER.

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• LAYOUT DYE-IS A COLORED INK -LIKE FLUID THAT
• CAN BE SPREAD OVER THE METAL WITH A BRUSH.
• IT DRIES QUICKLY AND LEAVES AN EVEN,BLUE
• COLORED SURFACE.

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• BLUE VITRIOL-IS MADE BY MIXING 4 TO 5 OUNCES
• OF COPPER SULFATE IN A QUART OF WATER AND
• ADDING 4 TO 5 DROPS OF SULFURIC ACID.WHEN
• THE SOLUTION IS APPLIED TO A METAL SURFACE
• THE METAL TURNS INTO A COPPER COLOR.

GOOD LUCK.