The Rise of Kingdoms and the

1
Chapter 10

• The Rise of Kingdoms and the
• Growth of Church Power

2
Timeline
3
The Emergence Growth of European Kingdoms, 1000
1300

• Kings
• Theory
• Practice
• Expansion of royal power in the High Middle Ages

4
England in the High Middle Ages

• William of Normandy (1066 1087)
• Battle of Hastings (1066)
• Fusion of Normans and Anglo-Saxons
• Involvement in France
• Henry II (1154 1189)
• Plantagenet dynasty
• Royal courts
• Common law
• The church
• Thomas Becket (Archbishop of Canterbury)
• King John (1199 1216)
• Magna Carta
• Edward I (1272 1307)
• Parliament

5
The Growth of the French Kingdom

• The Capetian Dynasty
• Little real power
• Royal domain limited to the Île de France
• Philip II Augustus (1180 1223)
• War against the English
• French bureaucracy
• Louis IX (1226 1270) Saint Louis
• Justice
• Participates in Crusades
• Philip IV the Fair (1285 1314)
• Royal administration
• Council for advice
• Chamber of Accounts (finances)
• Parlement (royal court)
• Estates-General (French parliament)

6
Map 10.1 England and France in the High Middle
Ages
7
Christian Reconquest The Spanish Kingdoms

• Cordova
• Reconquista (1000 1492)
• Castile
• Navarre
• Aragón
• Portugal
• Repartimiento
• Fueros
• Alfonso X (1252 1284)

8
Map 10.2 Christian Reconquests in the Western
Mediterranean
9
The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire Germany and
Italy

• Salian Kings
• German Nobility
• Involvement in Italy
• The Norman kingdom in southern Italy
• Frederick I Barbarossa (1152 1190)
• Attempts to conquer northern Italy
• Pope and Italian cities oppose him
• Battle of Legnano (1176)
• Frederick II (1212 1250)
• King of Sicily, Germany, and Holy Roman Emperor
• Preoccupied with Italy
• Germany left in confusion and chaos
• Rudolf of Hapsburg (1273)
• Emergence of Italian City-States

10
Map 10.3 The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire in
the Twelfth Century
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New Kingdoms in Northern and Eastern Europe

• Scandinavia
• Hungary
• Poland
• Germans and Slavs
• Teutonic Knights

12
Teutonic Knight Castle at Marienburg
13
Medieval Mongols Russians

• The Mongol Empire
• Temuchin Genghis Khan (c. 1162 1227)
• Khubilai Khan
• Advances against the Muslim world
• Advances against Europe
• The Development of Russia
• Kiev Rus
• The church
• Mongol invasion
• Alexander Nevsky (c. 1220 1263)
• Moscow

14
Map 10.4 Northern and Eastern Europe
15
The Recovery and Reform of the Catholic Church

• The Problems of Decline
• Worldly bishops and abbots
• Monastic decline
• The Cluniac Reform Movement
• Cluny founded by Duke William of Aquitaine (910)
• Reform movement spreads
• Reform of the Papacy
• Lay investiture
• Pope Gregory VII (1073 1085)
• Investiture Controversy
• Concordat of Worms (1122)

16
Christianity and Medieval Civilization

• Growth of the Papal Monarchy
• Administrative structure
• Pope Innocent III (1198 1216)
• Philip Augustus of France
• Interdict of England

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New Religious Orders and Spiritual Ideals

• The Cistercian Order
• Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090 1153)
• Women
• Hildegard of Bingen (1098 1179)
• Mystical visions
• The Franciscans
• Saint Francis of Assisi (1182 1226)
• The Dominicans
• Dominic de Guzmán (1170 1221)

18
Saint Bernard
19
A Group of Nuns
20
Popular Religion in the High Middle Ages

• Sacraments
• Saints
• The Virgin Mary
• Relics

21
Map 10.6 Pilgrimage Routes in the Middle Ages
22
Voices of Protest and Intolerance

• Heresy
• Catharism
• Dualist System
• Catholic Church was evil according to their views
• Albigensian Crusade (began in 1209)
• The Holy Office (Papal Inquisition)
• Persecution of the Jews
• The Crusades
• Fourth Lateran Council (1215)
• Expulsion
• Intolerance and Homosexuality
• Associated with other minority groups
• Thomas Aquinas and the sin against nature
• Punishment

23
The Crusades

• Background to the Crusades
• Islam and the Seljuk Turks
• Change and disintegration in the Muslim world
• Seljuk Turks
• Nomadic people from Central Asia
• Capture of Baghdad (1055)
• Battle of Manzikert (1071)
• The Byzantine Empire
• Divisions between the Catholic and Orthodox
  Church
• Schism (1054)
• Alexius I Comnenus (1081 1118)

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The Early Crusades

• Pope Urban II (1088 1099)
• Council of Clermont (1095)
• Crusading Fervor
• Armed pilgrimages
• First Crusade (1096 1099)
• Captures Antioch (1098)
• Captures Jerusalem (1099)

25
Map 10.7 The Early Crusades
26
The Early Crusades, Continued

• Crusader States
• Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and Jerusalem
• Muslims strike back
• Fall of Edessa (1144)
• Second Crusade
• Total failure
• Third Crusade (1189 1192)
• Reaction to the fall of Jerusalem
• Saladin
• Led by Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany, Richard
  the Lionhearted of England and Philip Augustus of
  France

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Crusades of the 13th Century

• The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century
• Fourth Crusade (1202 1204)
• Sack of Constantinople
• Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204 1261)
• Childrens Crusade (1212)
• Sixth Crusade (1228)

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Effects of the Crusades

• Effects of the Crusades
• Little impact on the Muslim world
• Impact on European society
• Cultural interaction
• Many young warriors removed from Europe
• Italian cities benefited economically
• Attacks on Jews

29
Richard the Lionhearted Executing Muslims at Acre
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Discussion Questions

• How was royal power strengthened in France and
  England beginning in the Eleventh Century?
• What forces pulled apart the Holy Roman Empire
  between the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries?
• How was the history of Russia linked to the
  invasions of the Mongols?
• What role did Cluny play in reforming the Church
  and the papacy?
• What was the function of the pope in Medieval
  Europe?
• What fed the climate of intolerance in Europe
  after the Twelfth Century?
• What were the causes of the Crusades?
• Were the Crusades a success or a failure?

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Web Links

• Kings and Queens of England
• Paris at the Time of Philip Augustus
• The Royal Abbey of Fontevraud
• The Mongols in World History
• NetSerf Religious Orders
• The Crusades A Virtual Course
• The Medieval Crusades
• The Virtual Pilgrim