DECONTAMINATION OF LAND USING ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT

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COMPONENT RECOVERIES AND PRODUCT PURITIES

• Separation of components of a mixture are carried
  out to effect desired component recovery or
  product purity.

• To determine the effectiveness of a separation
  operation, we need a measure of the degree of
  separation.

• Separation operations are subject to the
  conservation of mass

• If the separation process is

1. Steady state.
2. Continuous.
3. No chemical reactions occur.

Dr Saad Al-Shahrani
ChE 201 Introduction to Chemical Engineering
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COMPONENT RECOVERIES AND PRODUCT PURITIES

• Then for each component, i, in a mixture of C
  components, the molar (or mass) flow rate in the
  feed, ni(F) , is equal to the sum of the product
  molar (or mass) flow rates, ni(P) for that
  component in the N product phases, p.

To solve the above equation for the ni(P) from
specified values of ni(F), we need an additional
N-1 independent expressions involving ni(P) . For
example, if a feed mixture containing C
components is separated into N product
phases,C(N-1) additional expression.
Dr Saad Al-Shahrani
ChE 201 Introduction to Chemical Engineering
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COMPONENT RECOVERIES AND PRODUCT PURITIES

• For a sequence of distillations, a mixture is
  separated into a bottoms mixture, and a
  distillate mixture.

• The concentration of species (i) in the product
  flow of the bottoms or distillate is related to
  the input concentration through a split fraction
  (SF) for component (i) in separator K.

Dr Saad Al-Shahrani
ChE 201 Introduction to Chemical Engineering
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COMPONENT RECOVERIES AND PRODUCT PURITIES
Where
molar flow rate of species (i) in the first
product in separator k.
molar flow rate of species (i) in the feed in
separator k.

• Split fraction (SF) depends on
• (1) Component thermodynamic and transport
  properties in the vapor and liquid phases,
• (2) Number of contacting stages.
• (3) Relative vapor and liquid flows through the
  column.

Dr Saad Al-Shahrani
ChE 201 Introduction to Chemical Engineering
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COMPONENT RECOVERIES AND PRODUCT PURITIES
SF 1, signifies that separation operation has
successfully removed essentially all of component
(i) into a particular product stream.
Split Ratio (SR)
It is the ratio between the amount of component
in two different product streams.
There are other measure of separation ability
such as separation power (separation factor).
Other measures are the product purity, and the
overall percent recovery.
Dr Saad Al-Shahrani
ChE 334 Separation Processes
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COMPONENT RECOVERIES AND PRODUCT PURITIES
Example
56.0
175.5
K1
K2
K3
501.5
270.0
445.5
234.1
Dr Saad Al-Shahrani
ChE 334 Separation Processes
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Example
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COMPONENT RECOVERIES AND PRODUCT PURITIES
Dr Saad Al-Shahrani
ChE 334 Separation Processes
9
COMPONENT RECOVERIES AND PRODUCT PURITIES
Dr Saad Al-Shahrani
ChE 334 Separation Processes
10
COMPONENT RECOVERIES AND PRODUCT PURITIES
Dr Saad Al-Shahrani
ChE 334 Separation Processes
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COMPONENT RECOVERIES AND PRODUCT PURITIES
Dr Saad Al-Shahrani
ChE 334 Separation Processes