System%20Design%20Strategies

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GIS Enterprise Architectures
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The Trends - Moving GIS into the IT Mainstream

• Integrated technology
• Distributed
• Embedded
• Spatially enabled data
• Database System
• Legacy data access
• Enterprise spatial analysis

• Tools
• Centralized
• Standalone
• GIS Data
• Mapping System
• Legacy data migration
• Isolated spatial analysis

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The Distributed WorldEvolving requirements on
the PC platform
1990
Today

• Users Employees
• Leased lines
• Alphanumeric data
• Serial development
• Annual updates
• 7x24 Exotic
• High priests

• Users WWW
• Virtual private nets
• Multimedia data
• Iterative development
• JIT deployment
• 7x24 Required
• Real people

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Enterprise GIS

• Goals
• Centralized databases and applications.
• Limited software and hardware components.
• Single point of access to department wide data.
• Access and distribution via networks.

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Relational Database Integration

• Interactive analytical capabilities
• Geo-processing of relational data
• Analysis across multiple spatial and attribute
  databases

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GIS Workstations
UNIX, Lenix and Windows
UNIX, Lenix and Windows
Workstation Spatial Data Development Spatial Data
Maintenance Spatial Data Conversion GIS
Projects Map Production
Desktop GIS Applications Query and Analysis Ad
Hoc Mapping General Operations
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GIS System Evolution
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GIS Enterprise Evolution
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GIS Applications Network Impact

• What GIS Does ...
• Graphic Data Representation (Maps)
• Large Quantity of Data Analysis
• Lots of Network Traffic

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Sample 1-MB Map Display
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Client/Server Protocols
Typical Data Transfer 1 MB Spatial Data
Typical Data Transfer 100 KB Display Data
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Client/Server Performance

• Client/Server Communications Network
  Traffic Transport Time
• 56 Kbps 1.54 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps
• File Server to Workstation Client (NFS)
• 1 MB 357 Sec. 13 Sec. 2 Sec. 0.2 Sec.
• SDE Server to Workstation Client (SDE API)
• 1 MB 89 Sec. 3.2 Sec. 0.5 Sec. 0.05 Sec.
• UNIX Application Server to X-Terminal Client
• 100 KB 18 Sec. 0.6 Sec. 0.1 Sec. 0.01 Sec.
• Windows Terminal Server to Terminal Client (ICA)
• 100 KB 0.3 Sec. 0.013 Sec. 0.002 Sec. 0.0002
  Sec.
• Web Server to Browser Client (HTML/GIF)
• 100 KB 0.3 Sec. 0.013 Sec. 0.002 Sec. 0.0002
  Sec.

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GIS Product Architecture
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The Shift To N-Tier
N-Tier
2-Tier
Internet/ Enterprise
1-Tier
Client/Server
Distributed Production Web Aware/Web
Scale eCommerce
Monolithic/Automation
Corporate Applications (Often departmental)
Mainframe Apps Mini-Computer Apps
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N-tier Architecture for the Web
Business Rule Server
Client
Data Server
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System Architecture Options
Data Resources
Performance Scalability High Availability
Files

• Attributes

Files
Storage Area Network
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Multi-User Environment
Web-GISServer
Multi-User, Versioned OO-GIS DBMS
Data ProductionWorkstation
Desktop Clients -- Not web-based so dont need
Map Server
Data ImporterWorkstation
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OO Database

• Behavior of different kinds of features can be
  stored and executed from the central database,
  instead of being repeated in each client
  application -- reduces traffic over the network
• Object lifecycle rules
• Data capture criteria
• Data integrity validation rules
• Multi-user conflict resolution rules
• Symbolic representation rules

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Trends in Industry

• Growing adoption of O-O web-enabled IT for GIS
  software development, marketing, distribution,
  support
• Multi-user GIS with feature versioning for data
  production and maintenance
• Integration of ODBMS with RDBMS in enterprise,
  with multi-tiered web-based application
  architectures

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Industry Trends - 2

• Use of CORBA Java technology for distributed
  applications
• OLE for embedding maps within desktop
  applications
• OpenGIS for cross-vendor interoperability
• Support for multiple standard languages (C,
  Java, Visual Basic) in commercial GIS products
  for different levels of applications and users
  within an enterprise