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American Colonial Period: Settling America

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Title: American Colonial Period: Settling America


1
American Colonial Period Settling America
2
Native Americans
  • Relations with European Settlers
  • - varied from place to place
    sometimes coexisting and sometimes in conflict
  • - Differing cultural values led to
    problems
  • Trade
  • - Europeans initially depended on trade with
    Native peoples for survival - Some native tribes,
    such as the Iroquois, came to dominate areas of
    trade with the Europeans
  • Alliances
  • -various alliances between native people and
    European powers existed, failed, and became
    created again and again over time
  • - Iroquois alliances helped them dominate the
    fur trade in the northeast
  • - The Powhatan Confederacy influenced the
    initial survival of the Jamestown Colony

3
Africans
  • Free Blacks
  • early Africans were considered indentured
    servants freed when their contract ended
  • Enslaved Blacks
  • - Large plantation farms in the south required
    many workers
  • - Africans were brought to work on these farms as
    enslaved workers
  • - smaller farms and a more diverse economy
    required less slaves in the northern colonies

4
The Europeans
  • Came for religious, political and economic
    reasons
  • Many different cultures were represented in the
    colonies
  • The English culture dominated

5
  • New England
  • Massachusetts
  • New Hampshire
  • Rhode Island
  • Connecticut
  • Middle Colonies
  • New York
  • Pennsylvania
  • New Jersey
  • Delaware
  • Maryland
  • Southern Colonies
  • Virginia
  • North Carolina
  • South Carolina
  • Georgia

6
LIFE IN THE AMERICAN COLONIES
7
Common Characteristics of Colonial
Government
  • Parliament and the King ultimately ruled the
    colonies had veto power over colonial laws
  • Colonial Charters outlined basic relationship
    that existed between colony the crown
  • Royal Colonies
  • Under direct authority rule of the kings
    govt.
  • Proprietary Colonies
  • Under authority of individuals granted ownership
    by king
  • Corporate or Charter Colonies
  • Operated by joint-stock companies

8
Colonial Legislatures made laws for the day
to day operation of the colony
  • 2 houses (except in Pennsylvania)
  • Upper House appointed by governor
  • Lower House elected by the people had power
    of the purse (Controlled the !!!)

9
Colonial Legislatures (2 houses) (law making
bodies) Upper House
Lower House(Governors Council)
(Legislative Assemblies)- appointed by
Governor - power of the purse
with Kings consent ()

VOTERS (Adult, free, white males who
owned property)
10
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
  • MERCANTILISM
  • Colonies exist to benefit Mother Country
  • No colonial manufacturing
  • Colonies are source of cheap raw materials
  • England exports more expensive manufactured goods
  • Favorable balance of trade (value of exports
    greater than value of imports)
  • England controlled currency (hard currency
    gold silver, and soft currency paper)

11
Navigation Acts (1650 1673)
  • Established rules for colonial trade
  • Trade to from colonies carried only by English
    or colonial built ships, operated only by English
    or colonial crews
  • All goods imported into the colonies must pass
    through ports in England
  • Enumerated goods from colonies must be exported
    to England only (ex. tobacco)
  • BUT...
  • SALUTARY NEGELECT until late 1763, England did
    not enforce many of Navigation Acts...colonial
    trade benefited both England and colonies...
    prosperity for both!!!

12
Triangular Trade A 3 part trade route
13
REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
  • New England limited farming subsistence
    level, logging, shipbuilding, fishing, trading
  • Middle agricultural breadbasket- corn
    wheat use of indentured servants trading
    centers NY Philadelphia
  • Southern large plantations cash crops
    (tobacco, rice, indigo) slaves used due to labor
    shortage some small subsistence level farms in
    the back country

14
RELIGION IN THE COLONIES
  • Predominantly Protestant sects (Anglican/Church
    of England and Congregationalists)
  • Some Catholics in Maryland most tolerant
    Maryland Act of Toleration 1649 All
    Christians welcomed in colony
  • Some Jewish settlers in NY and Boston
  • Several colonies had established or official
    religions

15
The Great Awakening (1730s 1740s)
  • Religious revival that spread throughout the
    colonies
  • First shared common experience as Americans!!!!
  • religious diversity ? religious toleration ?
  • Belief that if people could make their own
    religious decisions, maybe they could make their
    own political decisions

16
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS of 13 Colonies
  • English culture language traditions
  • Self-government with representative assemblies
  • Religious toleration ? varying degrees of
    religious freedom (Massachusetts least
    tolerant Rhode Island and Pennsylvania most
    liberal)
  • No hereditary aristocracy
  • Social mobility opportunity to improve their
    standard of living and social status by hard work
    (Puritan work ethic)
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