R O M A N T I C I S M

1
41.
R O M A N T I C I S M
A BELIEF IN THE INNATE GOODNESS OF MAN, NATURE,
AND TRADITIONAL VALUES, ROOTED IN
TURN-OF-THE-CENTURY EUROPE.
EMPHASIZED EMOTIONS FEELINGS OVER RATIONALLITY
1800s
2
42.
John James Audubon
Romantic-era ARTIST Member of the HUDSON RIVER
SCHOOL, a group of landscape painters Demonstrated
the emotion of nature, especially birds animals
In 1886, a nature organization took his
name ..the Audubon Society
1785-1851
3
43.
T R A N S C E N D E N T A L I S M
Movement to transcend the bounds of the INTELLECT
and to strive for EMOTIONAL UNITY with
GOD Capable of unity without the help of the
institutional CHURCH
Saw CHURCH as reactionary STIFLING to SELF
- EXPRESSION
1820 -1850
4
MUCKRAKERS
44.
American journalists, novelists, and critics who
exposed CORRUPTION, especially in BUSINESS and
POLITICS President Theodore Roosevelt is said to
have given the muckrakers their name
Famous muckrakers included Upton Sinclair, Ida
Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens and Samuel Hopkins
Adams Led to increased support for the
Progressive Movement
1900 - 1912
5
MUCKRAKERS
44.
Was the term used to describe activist
journalists who wrote exposes of business and
government misconduct during the early
1900s. Famous muckrakers included Upton Sinclair
(who exposed the seamy underbelly of the
meatpacking industry in the book THE JUNGLE), Ida
Tarbell (who revealed oil company corruption in
the book History of Standard Oil), and Lincoln
Steffens (who called out urban mismanagement in
THE SHAME of CITIES). MUCKRAKING reporting
fueled Progressives arguments for SOCIAL REFORM
6
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7
THE JUNGLE
45.
FACT of the DAY
After reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair,
Teddy Roosevelt pushed for passage of the Meat
Inspection Act of 1906. The Act mandated
cleaner conditions for meatpacking plants.
An instant best-seller, Sinclair's book reeked
with the stink of the Chicago stockyards. He
told how dead rats were shoveled into
sausage-grinding machines how bribed inspectors
looked the other way when diseased cows were
slaughtered for beef, and how filth and guts were
swept off the floor and packaged as "potted ham."
8
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9
Railroad STRIKE
Pay cuts caused labor strikes to spread through
the country Workers of the Baltimore Ohio
Railroad went on strike over a second pay
cut
President Hayes used federal troops to restore
order after workers were killed
1877
10
The Influence of Sea POWER Upon History
46
Written by Captain Alfred T. Mahan, fueled the
U.S. Governments drive to control foreign
territory, a practice known as IMPERIALISM. The
Book argued that to succeed in trade a country
must have access to foreign ports and control
overseas colonies. The USA soon turned its
attention to foreign acquisitions using its newly
revamped naval forces.
1890
11
47
EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE
Refers to the principle that the president has
the right to withhold information from Congress
and the public when doing so would protect the
NATIONAL SECURITY. The PRECEDENT was established
by George Washington in 1797, in response to the
House of Representative's request to review all
documents related to the Washington
administration of the Treaty of San Lorenzo ( the
treaty is not consequential to our study of
History at this point in time, Executive
Privilege is)
12
48
The Wonderful Wizard of OZ
Before it became a movie, (published in 1900), it
was a popular book by L. Frank Baum. Some
believe the story is allegory for the politics of
the time Dorothy represents the common man, the
scarecrow represents the FARMER, Dorothy's silver
shoes (ruby in the movie) represents the silver
standard, the TIN Man represents the industrial
worker, and the cowardly Lion was modeled after
William Jennings Bryanwho ran for President 4
times.
13
Yellow Journalism
49
Refers to the sensational reporting that became
popular in the nineteenth century, replacing the
said journalism of the past. Publishers Joseph
Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were
credited as yellow journalism s most skilled
practitioners. Yellow Journalism featured bold
headlines and emphasized scandal and corruption.
14
50
FACT of the DAY
Morrill Land Grant Act
ALLOCATED land and resources for agricultural
colleges across the USA. The Act was passed as
part of a federal effort to develop the nations
agriculture. Nearly all of the colleges
established were public.
1862
15
51
"White Man's Burden"
Is a poem by Rudyard Kipling published in
response to the annexation of the Philippines by
the USA. The poems title was adopted as a slogan
by those who favored annexation and
imperialism. Many Americans believed that the
USA, as an advanced nation, had a duty to
CHRISTIANIZE AND CIVILIZE less developed
nations.
1899
16
52
Fact of the DAY
Turner on FRONTIER Thesis
Argued that by the 1890 census, the American
frontier and thus the first period of American
history was gone. According to Frederick
Jackson Turner, the frontier shaped the American
spirit and character, fostered democracy, and
provided a place to which people facing economic
distress could flee. As settlers filled the
Western territories, the frontier lost it unique
character.
1890
17
53
Fact of the DAY
Alexis de Tocqueville
French Civil Servant who traveled to and
wrote about the UNITED STATES
Wrote Democracy in America, reflecting his
interest in the American Democratic process
Assessed the American attempt to have both
liberty and equality Provided an outsiders
objective view of the AGE of JACKSON
1828
18
DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA
53
WRITTEN BY ALEXIS de TOCQUEVILLE
Was written by the Frenchman Tocqueville, who
traveled the USA in the 1830s. The Book is a
study of the American political culture. In it,
he expresses his admiration for the lack of a
PERMANENT ARISTORCRACY in the USA, which,
combined with untapped land and resources of the
West, provides Americans with numerous
opportunities to better themselves through hard
work and education.
19
Fact of the Day 4 Study Guide
Ida Tarbell John James Audubon Frederick J.
Turner Upton Sinclair L. Frank Baum
George Washington William Randolph
Hearst Rudyard Kipling Alfred T. Mahan
Alexis de Tocqueville The W W of Oz Executive
Privilege Yellow Journalism Morrill Land Grant ACT
Facts of the Day 41- 53
Romanticism Transcendentalism White Mans
Burden Democracy in America Frontier
Thesis Influence of Sea Power
20
Fact of the Day TEST 4
A. Romanticism B. John James Audubon
C. Upton Sinclair D. L. Frank Baum
E. Alexis de Tocqueville F.
Rudyard Kipling G. Alfred T. Mahan H.
George Washington I. William
Randolph Hearst J. Ida Tarbell
K. Turner L.
Thomas Jefferson
___1. Assessed the American attempt to have both
liberty equality ___2. Argued that by 1890,
the American Frontier had disappeared ___3.
Exposed the corruption of the meat packing
industry ___4. Wrote about control of the seas
and American Imperialism ___5. A PRECEDENT
established by ________________called
Executive Privilege ___6. Wrote a book that is
an allegory of the politics of the time
(1900) ___7. Publisherheadlines that emphasized
scandal corruption.helped start the Spanish
American War ___8. Emphasized emotions feelings
over rationality ___9. Romantic Era Artist,
member of the Hudson River School __10. Exposed
oil company corruption, a Muckraker __11.
Poetduty to christianize civilize less
developed nations
21
___12. In 1886, a nature organization took his
namedemonstrated emotion of nature,
especially birds animals ___13. Journalists who
exposed corruption, especially in business ___14.
indicated that to succeed in trade, must have
access to foreign ports and control
overseas colonies ___15. Sensational reporting
featuring bold headlines and scandal ___16.
Withhold information from Congress to protect
National Security ___17. passed as part of a
federal effort to develop the nations
agriculture ___18. Some believe the story is an
allegory for the politics of the time ___19. A
poem that favored annexation imperialism,
Americas duty ___20. Wrote a book that indicated
Americans had numerous
opportunities to better themselves through hard
work education ___21. mandated cleaner
conditions for meatpacking plants ___22.
Transcends intellectstrives for emotional unity
with God ___23. Belief in the innate goodness of
man, nature, traditional values ___24. Provided
a place to which people facing economic distress
could flee to, fostered democracy, American
spirit character

• Morrill Land Grant Act F. Yellow Journalism
  J. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
• White Mans Burden G. Muckrakers
  K. Alexis de Tocqueville
• The Jungle H. Transcendentalism
  L. Executive Privilege
• Romanticism I. John James
  Audubon M. The Influence of Sea Power
• E. Turner on Frontier Thesis
  Upon History

22
Fact of the Day TEST 4
A. Romanticism B. John James Audubon
C. Upton Sinclair D. L. Frank Baum
E. Alexis de Tocqueville F.
Rudyard Kipling G. Alfred T. Mahan H.
George Washington I. William
Randolph Hearst J. Ida Tarbell
K. Turner L.
Thomas Jefferson
___1. Assessed the American attempt to have both
liberty equality ___2. Argued that by 1890,
the American Frontier had disappeared ___3.
Exposed the corruption of the meat packing
industry ___4. Wrote about control of the seas
and American Imperialism ___5. A PRECEDENT
established by ________________called
Executive Privilege ___6. Wrote a book that is
an allegory of the politics of the time
(1900) ___7. Publisherheadlines that emphasized
scandal corruption.helped start the Spanish
American War ___8. Emphasized emotions feelings
over rationality ___9. Romantic Era Artist,
member of the Hudson River School __10. Exposed
oil company corruption, a Muckraker __11.
Poetduty to christianize civilize less
developed nations
E
k
C
G
H
D
I
A
B
J
F
23
___12. In 1886, a nature organization took his
namedemonstrated emotion of nature,
especially birds animals ___13. Journalists who
exposed corruption, especially in business ___14.
indicated that to succeed in trade, must have
access to foreign ports and control
overseas colonies ___15. Sensational reporting
featuring bold headlines and scandal ___16.
Withhold information from Congress to protect
National Security ___17. passed as part of a
federal effort to develop the nations
agriculture ___18. Some believe the story is an
allegory for the politics of the time ___19. A
poem that favored annexation imperialism,
Americas duty ___20. Wrote a book that indicated
Americans had numerous
opportunities to better themselves through hard
work education ___21. mandated cleaner
conditions for meatpacking plants ___22.
Transcends intellectstrives for emotional unity
with God ___23. Belief in the innate goodness of
man, nature, traditional values ___24. Provided
a place to which people facing economic distress
could flee to, fostered democracy, American
spirit character
I
G
M
F
L
A
J
B
k
C
D
E

• Morrill Land Grant Act F. Yellow Journalism
  J. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
• White Mans Burden G. Muckrakers
  K. Alexis de Tocqueville
• The Jungle H. Transcendentalism
  L. Executive Privilege
• Romanticism I. John James
  Audubon M. The Influence of Sea Power
• E. Turner on Frontier Thesis
  Upon History

24
GRADING KEY
24 Questions
1 96 2 92 3 88 4 83 5 79 6 75
7 71 8 67 9 63 10 58 11 54 12 50
13 46 14 42 15 38 16 33 17 29 18 25
25
24 Questions
7 71 8 67 9 63 10 58 11 54 12 50
GRADING KEY
12 I 13 G 14 M 15 F 16 L 17 A
1 E 2 K 3 C 4 G 5 H 6 D 7 I 8 A 9
B 10 J 11 F
18 J 19 B 20 K 21 C 22 H 23 D 24 E
1 96 2 92 3 88 4 83 5 79 6 75
13 46 14 42 15 38 16 33 17 29 18 25
26
Fact of the Day TEST 4
___ 1. Ida Tarbell ___ 2. Alfred T.
Mahan ___ 3. Upton Sinclair ___ 4.
L. Frank Baum ___ 5. George Washington
___ 6. William Randolph Hearst ___ 7. Rudyard
Kipling ___ 8. Alexis de Tocqueville ___ 9.
Turner ___ 10. John James
Audubon ___ 11. Romanticism

• Assessed the American attempt to have both
  liberty equality
• B. Argued that by 1890, the American Frontier had
  disappeared
• C. Exposed the corruption of the meat packing
  industry
• D. Wrote about control of the seas and American
  Imperialism
• E. A PRECEDENT established by _______________,
  called Executive Privilege
• F. Wrote a book that is an allegory of the
  politics of the time (1900)
• G. Publisherheadlines that emphasized scandal
  corruption.helped start the Spanish American
  War
• H. Emphasized emotions feelings over
  rationality
• Romantic Era Artist, member of the Hudson River
  School
• J. Exposed oil company corruption Standard Oil,
  a Muckraker
• K. Poetduty to christianize civilize less
  developed nations

27
____1. Admiration for a lack of a permanent
Aristocracy in the USA ____2. fueled
Progressives arguments for Social
Reform ____3. Imperialism, control of the
seas ____4. Meat Inspection Act of 1906 ____5.
Protect the National Security ____6. A popular
book ____7. Public Colleges established
across the USA ____8. Emphasized scandal
corruption with bold
headlines ____9 Christianize and
Civilize ____10. Emotional unity with God ____11.
Emotions feelings over rationality ____12.
Emotion of nature, birds, animals ____13. Shaped
American spirit character

• A. Romanticism
• B. Transcendentalism
• John James
• Audubon
• D. Muckrakers
• E. The Jungle
• F. Influence of Sea
• Power Upon History
• Yellow Journalism
• Morrill Land
• Grant Act
• I. The Wonderful
• Wizard of Oz
• Executive Privilege
• White Mans Burden
• Turner on Frontier
• Thesis
• M. Alexis de Tocqueville

28
Fact of the Day TEST 4
___ 1. Ida Tarbell ___ 2. Alfred T.
Mahan ___ 3. Upton Sinclair ___ 4.
L. Frank Baum ___ 5. George Washington
___ 6. William Randolph Hearst ___ 7. Rudyard
Kipling ___ 8. Alexis de Tocqueville ___ 9.
Turner ___ 10. John James
Audubon ____11. Romanticism
D
C
J
E
G
F
K
A
H
B
I

• Assessed the American attempt to have both
  liberty equality
• B. Argued that by 1890, the American Frontier had
  disappeared
• C. Exposed the corruption of the meat packing
  industry
• D. Wrote about control of the seas and American
  Imperialism
• E. A PRECEDENT established by
  ________________called Executive Privilege
• F. Wrote a book that is an allegory of the
  politics of the time (1900)
• G. Publisherheadlines that emphasized scandal
  corruption.helped start the Spanish American
  War
• H. Emphasized emotions feelings over
  rationality
• Romantic Era Artist, member of the Hudson River
  School
• J. Exposed oil company corruption, a Muckraker
• K. Poetduty to christianize civilize less
  developed nations

29

• A. Romanticism
• B. Transcendentalism
• John James
• Audubon
• D. Muckrakers
• E. The Jungle
• F. Influence of Sea
• Power Upon History
• Yellow Journalism
• Morrill Land
• Grant Act
• I. The Wonderful
• Wizard of Oz
• Executive Privilege
• White Mans Burden
• Turner on Frontier
• Thesis
• M. Alexis de Tocqueville

____1. Admiration for a lack of a permanent
Aristocracy in the USA ____2. fueled
Progressives arguments for Social
Reform ____3. Imperialism, control of the
seas ____4. Meat Inspection Act of 1906 ____5.
Protect the National Security ____6. A popular
book ____7. Public Colleges established
across the USA ____8. Emphasized scandal
corruption with bold
headlines ____9 Christianize and
Civilize ____10. Emotional unity with God ____11.
Emotions feelings over rationality ____12.
Emotion of nature, birds, animals ____13. Shaped
American spirit character
M
D
F
E
J
I
H
G
K
B
A
C
L
30
GRADING KEY
24 Questions
1 96 2 92 3 88 4 83 5 79 6 75
7 71 8 67 9 63 10 58 11 54 12 50
13 46 14 42 15 38 16 33 17 29 18 25
31
24 Questions
7 71 8 67 9 63 10 58 11 54 12 50
GRADING KEY
1 M 2 D 3 F 4 E 5 J 6 I 7 H
1 J 2 D 3 C 4 F 5 E 6 G 7 K 8 A 9
B 10 I 11 H
1 96 2 92 3 88 4 83 5 79 6 75
13 46 14 42 15 38 16 33 17 29 18 25
8 G 9 K 10 B 11 A 12 C 13 L
32
The process which society pays for the law of
competitionis great but the advantages of this
law are also greater.Whether the law be benign
or not, we must say of it It is here we cannot
evade it.it is best for the race, because it
ensures the survival of the fittest in every
department.
The above passage is characteristic of
A Egalitarianism B. Calvinism C. Progressivism D.
Social Darwinism E. Cultural pluralism
33
The principle of popular sovereignty stated
that

1. settlers in the Western territories, not
   Congress, would decide whether to allow slavery
   in their territory
2. whenever a new area was settled, all United
   States citizens were required to vote on the
   slave status of that area
3. any settlers disagreeing with federal laws
   governing slavery were free to ignore those laws
4. slavery would be permitted in any area after 1848
5. The president, after meeting with public interest
   groups, was to decide on whether slaves would be
   allowed in a given territory

34
MUCKRAKERS furthered the causes of the
Progressive movement by

1. organizing grassroots campaigns for political
   reform at the state level
2. suing large companies and donating their court
   awards to Progressive campaigns
3. staging large, violent protests in support of
   Progressive goals
4. warning Americans of the dangers inherent in such
   radical movements as communism and socialism
5. alerting the public to the social ills and
   corporate corruption targeted by Progressives

35
Someone who emigrated to the USA during the
nineteenth century (1800s) probably chose his
or her new hometown based on where

1. jobs were plentiful
2. relatives already lived
3. premiums were paid to new settlers
4. the climate was most healthful and warm
5. passage by boat was available at the time

36
The process which society pays for the law of
competitionis great but the advantages of this
law are also greater.Whether the law be benign
or not, we must say of it It is here we cannot
evade it.it is best for the race, because it
ensures the survival of the fittest in every
department.
The above passage is characteristic of
A Egalitarianism B. Calvinism C. Progressivism D.
Social Darwinism E. Cultural pluralism
37
Someone who emigrated to the USA during the
nineteenth century (1800s) probably chose his
or her new hometown based on where

1. jobs were plentiful
2. relatives already lived
3. premiums were paid to new settlers
4. the climate was most healthful and warm
5. passage by boat was available at the time

The majority of immigrants during the 19th
Century came from places in which family concerns
were of PRIMARY and SOMETIMES SOLITARY
IMPORTANCE. So, they usually headed for a
location where FAMILY had already SETTLED. The
same, by the way, is pretty much still TRUE today.
38
The principle of popular sovereignty stated that

1. settlers in the Western territories, not
   Congress, would decide whether to allow slavery
   in their territory
2. whenever a new area was settled, all United
   States citizens were required to vote on the
   slave status of that area
3. any settlers disagreeing with federal laws
   governing slavery were free to ignore those laws
4. slavery would be permitted in any area after 1848
5. The president, after meeting with public interest
   groups, was to decide on whether slaves would be
   allowed in a given territory

a policy was sought to appease the
abolitionist and slaveholders. By allowing the
settlers to decide the slave status of an area,
popular sovereignty took some pressure off
Congress, which was growing DIVIDED over the
issue. Henry Clay invoked the idea of Popular
Sovereignty in the Compromise of 1850.
39
MUCKRAKERS furthered the causes of the
Progressive movement by

1. organizing grassroots campaigns for political
   reform at the state level
2. suing large companies and donating their court
   awards to Progressive campaigns
3. staging large, violent protests in support of
   Progressive goals
4. warning Americans of the dangers inherent in such
   radical movements as communism and socialism
5. alerting the public to the social ills and
   corporate corruption targeted by Progressives

.Progressive era movement. MUCKRAKERS is a
term Theodore Roosevelt coined to describe the
investigative journalists of his day. They
included Ida Tarbell whose book on Standard OiL
revealed corruption in the oil industry.
MUCKRAKERS helped fuel the public outcry for
government reform, the main goal of the
PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT.
40
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41
Anglo-American women in COLONIAL TIMES

1. could own property or execute legal documents
   only if they were widowed or unmarried
2. enjoyed more liberties and rights than did Native
   American women
3. attended church less frequently than did
   Anglo-American men
4. were more likely than men to do agricultural work
5. were required by law by learn to read and write,
   in order to teach their children

42
All of the following Supreme Court decision
during JOHN MARSHALLS tenure as Supreme Court
Justice to strengthen the federal government
except

1. Gibbons V. Odgen, 1824
2. Marbury v. Madison, 1803
3. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
4. Worcester v. Georgia, 1831
5. McCulloch v. Maryland,1819

43

• During the seventeenth century, colonists daily
  life was influenced the most by
• The Baptists in the Carolinas
• The Puritans in Massachusetts
• The Baptists in Rhode Island
• The Catholics in Maryland
• The Anglicans in Virginia

• Jacob Riis was a famous muckraker who wrote
  about
• Governmental corruption
• The powerful union of the 19th century
• The misery of tenement life
• The civil rights movement
• Global warming

44
The carton drawn in 1754 served as

1. Thomas Paines warning against political
   repression
2. Ben Franklins exhortation to the colonies to
   unite against the French

1. Ben Franklins exhortation to the colonies to
   unite against British authority
2. the Committee of Correspondences warning of
   impending attack against the colonies.
3. the slogan of the Sons of Liberty after the
   Boston Tea Party

45
Anglo-American women in COLONIAL TIMES

1. could own property or execute legal documents
   only if they were widowed or unmarried
2. enjoyed more liberties and rights than did Native
   American women
3. attended church less frequently than did
   Anglo-American men
4. were more likely than men to do agricultural work
5. were required by law by learn to read and write,
   in order to teach their children

Those few women who reached the age of maturity
and remained unmarried had the same legal
standing as men, except they were denied the
right to vote. Widows had the same legal rights
as unmarried women but ALL married women
forfeited nearly all their rights to the
HUSBANDS. Anything a woman owned prior to
marriage BECAME her husbands property.
46
All of the following Supreme Court decision
during JOHN MARSHALLS tenure as Supreme Court
Justice to strengthen the federal government
except
The Dred Scott case actually limited the power of
the federal government by stating that Congress
had no authority to determine where slavery could
and could not go. Furthermore, this was not a
Marshall decision.

1. Gibbons V. Odgen, 1824
2. Marbury v. Madison, 1803
3. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
4. Worcester v. Georgia, 1831
5. McCulloch v. Maryland,1819

Popular \Sovereignty
HINT
1. The Marshall Court, 1801 - 1835
47

• During the seventeenth century, colonists daily
  life was influenced the most by
• The Baptists in the Carolinas
• The Puritans in Massachusetts
• The Baptists in Rhode Island
• The Catholics in Maryland
• The Anglicans in Virginia

• Jacob Riis was a famous muckraker who wrote
  about
• Governmental corruption
• The powerful union of the 19th century
• The misery of tenement life
• The civil rights movement
• Global warming

Photojournalist Riis exposed the misery of
tenement life in his book, How the Other Half
Lives, published in 1890.
48
The carton to the right drawn in 1754 served as

1. Thomas Paines warning against political
   repression
2. Ben Franklins exhortation to the colonies to
   unite against the French

1. Ben Franklins exhortation to the colonies to
   unite against British authority
2. the Committee of Correspondences warning of
   impending attack against the colonies.
3. the slogan of the Sons of Liberty after the
   Boston Tea Party

Franklin drew the cartoon in 1754, to try
and convince the colonies to unite against the
French during the French and Indian War.
1754-1763