Blood Vessels and Circulation

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Blood Vessels and Circulation

• Chapter 21

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• Blood Vessels hollow tubes that transport blood

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Three Kinds of Blood Vessels

• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries

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Arteries

• Carry blood AWAY from the heart
• Heart pumps blood
• Main artery called the aorta
• Aorta divides and branches
• Many smaller arteries
• Each region of your body has system of arteries
  supplying it with fresh, oxygen-rich blood.

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• Tough on the outside
• Smooth on the inside
• Muscular wall helps the heart pump blood

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Arterioles

• Blood flows from arteries into smaller arteries
  called arterioles

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Capillaries

• Very thin
• Only one cell thick
• Connect arterioles venules
• This is where gas exchange occurs
• Oxygen from capillaries diffuses across the
  membrane into the tissues
• Carbon dioxide and other wastes diffuse across
  the membrane into the capillaries

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• Nutrients are also transferred from the
  capillaries into the tissues here

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Venules

• Small Veins that connect the capillaries to veins

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Veins

• Carry blood to the heart
• Receive blood from venules
• Transport waste-and deoxygenated blood back to
  the heart and lungs
• Valves are located inside the veins
• Allow blood to move in one direction

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Pulmonary Circuit

• Circulation from the heart to the lungs and back
  to the heart
• Pulmonary arteries
• Pulmonary Veins

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Systemic Circuit

• Circulation between the heart and the rest of the
  body not including the lungs
• Aorta
• Superior and Inferior Vena Cava

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Exercise and the Cardiovascular System

• Performance of heart and vessels improve with
  training
• Amount of blood per minute is increased during
  rest and exericise
• 5.0 L/min versus 5.3 L/min and 19.9 L/min versus
  30.4 L/min

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