Chapter 4, Section 3

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Chapter 4, Section 3 Triumph of Parliament in
England

• Setting the Scene "The most high and absolute
  power in the realm consists in the Parliament,"
  wrote an English statesman in the 1560s. He was
  voicing a tradition that had roots in the Middle
  Ages. But in 1603, a monarch with far different
  ideas took the throne of England. "Kings are
  called gods," declared James I, "because they sit
  upon God's throne on Earth." Before long, James
  was on a collision course with Parliament.
• In the 1600s, while Louis XIV perfected royal
  absolutism in France, England developed in a
  different direction. In this section, we will
  look at why and how Parliament asserted itself
  against royal power.

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I. The Tudors and Parliament

• From 1485 to 1603, England was ruled by the Tudor
  dynasty

The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor is a series
of five monarchs of Welsh origin who ruled
England and Ireland from 1485 until 1603. The
three main monarchs (Henry VII, Henry VIII and
Elizabeth I) each played an important part in
turning England from a European backwater still
immersed in the Middle Ages into a powerful
Renaissance state that in the coming centuries
would dominate most of the planet.
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I. The Tudors and Parliament

• The Tudors believed in divine right but also
  recognized the value of Parliament

Henry VII Henry VIII Elizabeth I
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I. The Tudors and Parliament

• Like King Henry VIII, his daughter Elizabeth I
  both consulted and controlled Parliament

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II. The Early Stuarts

• Elizabeth died in 1603 without an heir and the
  throne passed to the Scottish Stuarts, resulting
  in a "century of revolution"

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A. The Royal Challenge

• The Stuart monarch, James I, agreed to rule
  according to English laws and customs but also
  believed in divine right

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A. The Royal Challenge

• Facing opposition over funding, James dissolved
  Parliament

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A. The Royal Challenge

• James disputed with dissenters such as the
  Puritans, who sought to "purify" the Anglican
  church

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A. The Royal Challenge

• James called for a new translation of the Bible,
  resulting in The King James Version

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B. Parliament Responds

• In 1625, Charles I inherited the throne and
  behaved like an absolute monarch

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B. Parliament Responds

• Parliament forced Charles to sign the Petition of
  Right, but then Charles dissolved Parliament in
  1629

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B. Parliament Responds

• When the Calvinist Scots revolted in 1640,
  Charles had to summon Parliament to vote on
  funding

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C. The Long Parliament

• The 1640 Parliament became known as the Long
  Parliament because it lasted until 1653

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III. The English Civil War

• When Parliament tried and executed his chief
  ministers, Charles fought back and civil war
  ensued

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A. Cavaliers and Roundheads

• Supporters of Charles I were wealthy nobles known
  as Cavaliers

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A. Cavaliers and Roundheads

• The forces of the Parliament were called
  Roundheads and their leader was Oliver Cromwell

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A. Cavaliers and Roundheads

• By 1647, the Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers
  and Charles I was captured

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B. Execution of a King

• Parliament put King Charles I on trial and
  condemned him to death, executing him in January,
  1649

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IV. The Commonwealth

• Oliver Cromwell took the title of Lord Protector
  and abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords,
  and the Church of England

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A. End of the Commonwealth

• Oliver Cromwell died in 1658 and in 1660, a new
  Parliament put Charles II on the throne

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V. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution

• Charles shared his father's belief in absolute
  monarchy and secretly had Catholic sympathies

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A. A New Clash With Parliament

• Charles's brother, James II, inherited the throne
  in 1685 and many feared that he would restore the
  Catholic Church

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A. A New Clash With Parliament

• In 1688 parliament invited James's Protestant
  daughter, Mary and her husband, William III of
  Orange, to become rulers of England

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A. A New Clash With Parliament

• When William and Mary landed with their army,
  James II fled to France - the Glorious Revolution

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B. English Bill of Rights

• William and Mary had to accept the English Bill
  of Rights, which ensured the superiority of
  Parliament over the monarchy

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B. English Bill of Rights

• The Toleration Act of 1689 granted limited
  religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other
  dissenters, though not Catholics