WHII: SOL 4a-f

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WHII SOL 4a-f

• Age of Exploration

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Factors contributing to the European discovery of
lands in the Western Hemisphere

• Why did Europeans go exploring?
• Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in
  Europe
• Used to flavor and preserve food, make medicines
  and perfumes

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Factors (Continued)

• Support for the diffusion of Christianity
• Spread of Christianity thru missionaries
• Political and economic competition between
  European empires
• Increased of trade and control of new landsWORLD
  POWER!!!!!

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Factors (continued)

• How were Europeans able to go exploring across
  oceans?
• Innovations of European and Islamic origins in
  navigational arts
• Mapmakers (cartographers) more accurate maps
• Compass
• Better ships
• Astrolabe (to determine latitude)
• Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator

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Prince Henry the Navigator

• Led the way in sponsoring navigation in Portugal
• Saw promise in Africa (convert Africans, gain
  control of riches dominated by the Muslims)
• Hoped to find a maritime route to Asia by going
  around Africa

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Prince Henry the Navigator

• Gathered scientists, cartographers, and experts
  to adjust maps, design ships, and trained
  captains and crews
• Portuguese slowly made their way down the west
  coast of Africa
• 1460-Prince Henry dies
• 1488- Bartholomew Dias rounds the Cape of Good
  Hope

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Group Work

• Students will work in 7 groups to create the
  notes for an explorer.
• Country of origin
• Country they sailed for
• Important Dates
• Where did they explore?
• 2 important contributions (at least)
• These will be presented to the class

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Establishment of overseas empires and decimation
of indigenous populations

• Portugal Vasco da Gama
• Spain Christopher Columbus, Hernando Cortez,
  Francisco Pizarro, Ferdinand Magellan
• England Francis Drake
• France Jacques Cartier
• Atlas pgs. 68-69, 76

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Vasco da Gama

• From Portugal
• Sailed for Portugal
• Explored Cape of Good Hope, India (Calicut)
• Dates
• 1497-sailed around Cape of Good Hope
• 1502-forced treaty with Calicut
• Contributions confirmed Portugal as a world
  power, established a trade empire in Indian Ocean

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Christopher Columbus

• From Italy (Genoa)
• Sailed for Spain
• Explored Caribbean (North America) (West Indies)
• Dates 1492-discovered North America
• Contributions established Spain as a major power
  in New World, discovered North America

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Hernando Cortez

• From Cuba
• Sailed for Spain
• Explored Mexico (Central America)
• Dates 1519-landed in Mexico, 1521 captured
  Tenochtitlan
• Contributions conquered Aztec empire, decimated
  the population

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Francisco Pizarro

• From Spain
• Sailed for Spain
• Explored South America
• Dates 1532 arrived in Peru
• Contributions captured Incan empire, killed
  Atahualpa (ruler)

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Ferdinand Magellan

• From Portugal
• Sailed for Spain
• Explored the Pacific Ocean
• Dates 1522-circumnavigated the world
• Contributions 1st to circumnavigate the world

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Francis Drake

• From England
• Sailed for England
• Explored Atlantic and Pacific, 2nd to
  circumnavigate the world
• Dates 1577- followed in Magellans footsteps and
  circled the Earth
• Contributions 2nd to circumnavigate the globe,
  pirate who stole from other nations and provided
  gave spoils to England

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Jacques Cartier

• From France
• Sailed for France
• Explored Canada
• Dates 1534- began exploring eastern Canada,
  discovered the St. Lawrence river
• Contributions claimed much of Canada for France,
  discovered and named the St. Lawrence river

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• England
• Ireland
• Spain
• France
• Portugal
• Italy
• Iceland
• Belgium
• Denmark
• Netherlands
• Switzerland
• Sweden
• Norway
• Finland
• Germany
• Poland
• Austria

• Hungary
• Czech Republic
• Slovakia
• Turkey
• Russia
• Atlantic Ocean
• North Sea
• Baltic Sea
• Mediterranean Sea
• Adriatic Sea
• Bay of Biscay
• English Channel

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