Teaching Applied Computing without Programming: A Case-Based Introductory Course for General Education

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Teaching Applied Computing without ProgrammingA
Case-Based Introductory Course for General
Education

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• 2001? 11? 7?

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Contents

• Abstract
• Introduction
• The Case Studies
• Case Study 1 Ray Tracing
• Case Study 2 Animated Particle Systems
• Case Study 3 Interactive Optimization
• Case Study 4 Image Enhancement
• Case Study 5 Face Recognition
• Case Study 6 Information Retrieval on the WWW
• Discussion
• Conclusion

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Abstract
General-education students

• Case Study
• Computer graphics
• Computer animation
• Image processing
• Computer vision
• Information retrieval
• Artificial intelligence

http//lab.dce.harvard.edu/extension/cscie5/E52000
/E52000.html
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Abstract
The course has been offered for two years at the
Harvard University Extension School, and has
achieved high ratings in student surveys
Computer programming is neither required nor
taught
An intuitive exposition of relevant
computer-science concepts
A hands-on introduction to a working system
that embodies these concepts
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Introduction
Difficult and Dull
Computer Application
Computer Programming
Computer System
Hands-on exploration
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Introduction

• Other Educators
• Holmes and Smith Text compression, resource
  scheduling, searching, sorting, and graph
  algorithms the remainder of the course is
  devoted to traditional programming fare
• Alan Biermann asked to write relatively simple
  programs, to design circuits, code assembly
  language, hand-simulate a compiler, and even to
  work with programs that elucidate the problem of
  noncomputability
• Bell, Witten, Fellows They attempt to teach
  advanced computer-science concepts to children by
  means of simple games and activities that do not
  require a computer

• Our Focus
• Eschew programming completely
• Applied computing
• Adult students

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Introduction

• The Case Studies
• Each case study be accessible to students who
  might never have used a computer for anything
  other than word processing or web browsing
• Software systems Interesting and Fun
• For three of our case studies we were able to
  find suitable commercial or freeware systems. For
  the other three, we developed our own software

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Case Study 1 Ray Tracing
Ray tracing is a conceptually simple but very
powerful technique for generating synthetic
imagery Although computationally expensive, ray
tracing can produce synthetic images of stunning
realism
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Case Study 1 Ray Tracing

• Computer graphics
• Geometric modeling
• Light transport and reflection
• Computational geometry
• Computing intersections
• Geometric searching
• POVRAY free software
• Assignment Produce several images by using
  POVRAYs geometric-modeling language to create a
  3D scene, to specify surface and material
  characteristics of object models, and to locate
  and orient lights and a camera.

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Case Study 2 Animated Particle Systems
Computer animation
Natural phenomena fire, smoke, explosions, water,
etc
Particle systems
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Case Study 2 Animated Particle Systems

• Assignment
• ParticleMan gt We developed our own simple
  particle-system software specifically for this
  course.
• Modify the probability distributions that affect
  the particles motion and appearance to produce a
  broad range of animation effects

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Case Study 3 Interactive Optimization
The most difficult one to develop
They wanted to include concepts from
computational complexity in our course, because
they are at the core of all computer science
The least popular one
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Case Study 3 Interactive Optimization

• Computational complexity
• Algorithm and problem complexity
• The Traveling-Salesman Problem
• NP-completeness
• Artificial intelligence
• Heuristic search and optimization
• Probability and statistics
• Empirical analysis of algorithms
• Human-computer interaction
• Design of cooperative user interfaces

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Case Study 3 Interactive Optimization

• CVRTW (Capacitated Vehicle Routing with Time
  Windows) problem
• CVRTW problems, trucks deliver goods from a
  central warehouse to customers at fixed
  locations. Each customer requires a certain
  quantity of goods, and specifies a time window
  within which delivery of the goods must commence
• Optimization objective
• Primary minimize the number of trucks
• Secondary minimize total distance traveled

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Case Study 3 Interactive Optimization

• Capacitated Vehicle Routing with Time Windows
  (CVRTW)

Each truck can supply only four customers
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Case Study 4 Image Enhancement

• Modify the tonescale, sharpen, and de-noise
  images
• Use a commercially available image-processing
  program, Adobe Photoshop

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Case Study 5 Face Recognition
Computers are typically blind to the person who
is using them
Near future
Computers will recognize faces Identify people
from the pattern of their irises, Interpret a
users movements, gestures, and glances
Case study
Analyzing human activity and Recognizing people
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Case Study 5 Face Recognition

• Face recognition
• The simplified face-recognition algorithm

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Case Study 6 Information Retrieval on the WWW
Find useful information on the Web
Use of collaborative or social filtering
Good search engine
Comparative analysis of several different search
engines
Recommender system that use collaborative-filter
ing techniques
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Discussion
Harvard University Extension School

• Four hours of lecture, one per week for twelve
  weeks
• Age range from early teens to the early nineties
• There are no exams
• Instead, the students assignment scores
  determine grades
• Grades have been very high
• Good understanding of the concepts
• Most of our students enroll for self-enrichment
  
• a small percentage of the students use it as
  an elective in a
• liberal arts degree program

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Conclusion
The goal of our course A broad understanding of
the concepts computer applications
Computer Programming
Teacher Rewarding Experiences
Students Extremely Positive