Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism

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Chapter 12The Second War for Independence and
the Upsurge of Nationalism

• 1812-1824
• The American Continents are henceforth not to be
  considered as subjects for future colonization by
  any European Power. James Monroe (2 December
  1823)

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SSUSH6

• c. Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and
  the wars significance on the development of a
  national identity.
• d. Describe the construction of the Erie Canal,
  the rise of New York City, and the development of
  the nations infrastructure.
• e. Describe the reasons for and importance of the
  Monroe Doctrine.

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ReviewMadison succeeds Jefferson
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James Madison

• Democratic Republican
• Jeffersons Secretary of State
• 4th President (1813-1821)
• Inherited feud between France England
• His decisions and circumstance brought about the
  War of 1812

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Tecumseh and the Prophet

• War Hawks within the DR Party
• Heard stories of their fathers from 1776
• Also wanted to wipe-out the Indian threat in the
  West (OH, IN, IL, etc.)
• Shawnee chiefs Tecumseh (left) and his brother
  The Prophet resisted the white mans
  encroachment

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Planned Indian Confederacy Squashed

• William Henry Harrison was governor of the
  Indiana Territory
• At the Battle of Tippecanoe, he led US army in a
  defeat of the Prophet and Shawnee
• Harrison becomes a nationally recognized war hero

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Standard Notes

• Describe the resistance of the Native Americans
  to Westward-moving settlers.

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Inching closer to war

• President Madison was being pushed towards a
  clash with Britain by the members of his own
  party (War Hawks)
• Britain was still supplying Indians with weapons
  (remember Jays Treaty?)
• Hiding behind Napoleon?
• Madison believed that the only way to prove
  America as a legitimate country (and that
  republicanism could work) was to show that we
  could defeat a world superpower.

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A War on 2 Fronts

• War support was sectionalized and partisan.
• DR strongholds in the South and DRs in middle
  states (MD, PA, VA) supported Madison.
• Federalists also opposed the war New England was
  their stronghold
• Remember Federalists ? Britain DR ?
  France..Why fight your friends?
• Fighting two enemies at once Old England and
  New England

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Standard Notes

• Explain how the War of 1812 was sectionalized
  and partisan.

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Chapter 12Onward to War The Canadian Theatre

• British forces weakest in Canada, US talked of
  invading
• Take out Montreal, the rest would fall
• Planned invasion did not work

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Standard Notes

• Explain the importance of Canada in the War of
  1812.

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The Chesapeake Theatre

• British advancement towards D.C.
• Capitol, White House burned
• Dolly Madison (left) rescues portrait of
  Washington from burning White House

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The Star-Spangled Banner

• Francis Scott Key
• Witness to British bombardment on Fort McHenry,
  MD
• Penned Star Spangled Banner

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USS Constitution

• War of 1812 fought predominately on sea.
• Navy performed better than Army

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Andrew Jackson and the Battle of New Orleans

• British attempt to conquer essential port city
• Andrew Jackson led US troops to victory

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Standard Notes

• Describe the rise of an American Identity as
  seen through the actions of Dolly Madison,
  Francis Scott Key, the U.S.S Constitution and
  Andrew Jackson.

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Treaty of Ghent (1814)

• Russia wanted the British to abandon war effort
  in America to focus on Napoleon.
• Britain, America agree to an Armistice promise
  to stop fighting neither side victorious
• Not One Inch of Territory Ceded or Lost

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The Federalists and the Hartford Convention

• December 1814
• Delegates from MA, NH, VT, RI, and CT convene to
  discuss secession
• After win at New Orleans, Conventions complaints
  lost relevance
• North speaks of secession decades before South

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Rise of Patriotic Nationalism

• War of 1812 was small, indecisive
• Power of the Republic, Navy to resist
• Federalist Party weakened by opposition to war,
  Hartford Convention, etc.
• Native Americans supported British, conceded
  more lands to America
• War cause fueled self-reliance in industry,
  brought in new finances
• Growth/restructure of Army, Navy

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Standard Notes

• Explain how the American victory in the War of
  1812 exacerbated American nationalism.

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Henry Clay (1777-1852)

• Kentucky Senator some historians declare him
  the greatest statesman to never ascend to the
  Presidency
• Creator of the American System

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Components of the American System

• 1) Strong banking system provide easy and
  abundant credit
• 2) Protective tariffs taxing imported goods led
  to a rise in sell of domestic goods
• 3) Network of canals and roads improvement of
  transportation prevalent in Ohio River Valley
  (West) ties country together economically and
  politically

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Erie Canal

• Completed in 1825
• Connected New Yorks Hudson River to Lake Ontario
• Access to Great Lakes from Eastern seaboard (New
  York City)

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Standard Notes

• Analyze how the American System created by Henry
  Clay brought different sections of the country
  closer economically and politically.

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James Monroe

• Democratic-Republican
• 5th President
• Death of Federalist party
• Era of Good Feelings

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Panic of 1819

• Economic panic bubble burst on American
  economy
• Overspeculation of Western Lands cheap lands
  basically we were moving West too quickly
• Debtor prisons

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Growing Pains of the West

• Westward boom
• Land exhaustion in tobacco states (VA, NC)
• Cheap land
• Defeat of Native Americans (Harrison, Jackson)
• Steam ships
• Cumberland Road (MD to IL)
• Spain gives up Florida

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Slavery and the Missouri Compromise

• Westward expansion also saw the expansion of
  slavery
• Missouri appealed to Congress for admission as a
  slave state
• Population/economic growth of North forcing South
  to lose Congressional Power
• Balance of power in Senate (free vs. slave state)
  MO would be 12 slave, 11 free.
• Did not resolve slavery issue, only ducked the
  question.

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Missouri Compromise of 1820

• MO admitted as slave state.
• Maine admitted as free state.
• 12 free/12 slave
• Slavery prohibited in LA Purchase north of 36-30
  line

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Standard Notes

• Describe how the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was
  indeed a compromise.

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John Marshall and his war against states rights.

• Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Federalist
  appointed by John Adams Midnight Judges
  controversy
• McCulloch v. Maryland attempt of MD to destroy
  branch of national bank in its state
• Cohens v. Virginia National Supreme Court could
  review/reverse State Supreme Court decisions
  involving federal govt
• Gibbons v. Ogden right of federal government to
  control interstate commerce, not the states
  themselves
• Through him the conservative Hamiltonians partly
  triumphed from the tomb. (p. 250)

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Monroe Doctrine

• John Quincy Adams (left) son of John Adams
• Monroes Secretary of State
• Defeat of Napoleon led Europe back to days of
  monarchy and conservatism
• Revolt of South American countries against Spain

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Monroe Doctrine

• President Monroe concluded two distinct policies
  1) non-colonization and 2) non-intervention
• Russia to the Northwest, Britain to Cuba, Spain
  in South America
• Warned Europe and their monarchies to stay out of
  Western Hemisphere
• Doctrine was just as big as the nations forces
  and no bigger

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Standard Notes

• How did the nationalism nurtured during and after
  the War of 1812 lead to the Monroe Doctrine?