EUROPE%20III%20(CHAPTER%201:%2087-105)

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EUROPE III(CHAPTER 1 87-105)
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REGIONS OF EUROPE

• WESTERN
• BRITISH ISLES
• NORTHERN
• MEDITERRANEAN
• EASTERN

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MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE
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MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE

• SIX COUNTRIES
• A DISCONTINUOUS REGION
• ON THE PERIPHERY
• CULTURAL CONTINUITY DATES FROM GRECO-ROMAN TIMES
• MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE
• HOT - DRY SUMMERS
• WARM/COOL - MOIST WINTERS

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ITALY

• MOST POPULATED OF MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES
• BEST CONNECTED TO THE EUROPEAN CORE
• MOST ECONOMICALLY ADVANCED
• DISPLAYS A SHARP NORTH/SOUTH CONTRAST (ANCONA
  LINE )
• MILAN
• ITALYS LARGEST CITY AND MANUFACTURING CENTER
• ALSO THE COUNTRYS FINANCIAL AND SERVICE-INDUSTRY
  CENTER

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ITALY

• ROME
• FOUNDED ABOUT 3,000 YEARS AGO
• ATTAINED AN ESTIMATED POPULATION OF 1 MILLION lt
  THE END OF THE 1ST CENTURY AD
• ONLY 30,000 PEOPLE BY THE 13TH CENTURY
• BECAME ITALYS CAPITAL IN 1870
• CURRENTLY HAS ABOUT 2.7 MILLION PEOPLE
• VATICAN CITY
• AN ENCLAVE WITHIN ROME
• THE HEADQUARTERS OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM
• FUNCTIONS AS AN INDEPENDENT ENTITY

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EASTERN EUROPE
REGIONS

• WESTERN
• NORTHERN
• MEDITERRANEAN
• EASTERN

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EASTERN EUROPE(REGIONAL IDENTIFIERS)

• EUROPES LARGEST REGION
• ADJOINS 3 OF 4 OTHER EUROPEAN REGIONS
• CONTAINS THE MOST COUNTRIES
• INCLUDES EUROPES LARGEST STATE
• INCORPORATES EUROPES POOREST COUNTRY
• IN 1990, NONE OF ITS STATES COULD MEET THE
  CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE EU
• REACHES INTO THE RUSSIAN ZONE OF INFLUENCE

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KEY CONCEPTS

• BALKANIZATION
• IRREDENTISM
• ETHNIC CLEANSING
• DEVOLUTION
• SHATTER BELT

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BALKANIZATION

• FROM THE VERB BALKANIZE, WHICH MEANS TO BREAK UP
  (AS IN A REGION) INTO SMALLER AND OFTEN HOSTILE
  UNITS
• ORIGINATES FROM A MOUNTAIN RANGE IN BULGARIA
• APPLIED TO THE SOUTHERN HALF OF EASTERN EUROPE,
  i.e., THE BALKAN COUNTRIES OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA

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UNDERLYING FORCES

• CENTRIFUGAL FORCES
• REFER TO FORCES THAT TEND TO DIVIDE A COUNTRY
• Religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological
  differences
• CENTRIPETAL FORCES
• FORCES THAT UNITE AND BIND A COUNTRY TOGETHER
• A strong national culture, shared ideological
  objectives, and a common faith

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IRREDENTISM

• A POLICY OF CULTURAL EXTENSION AND POLITICAL
  EXPANSION AIMED AT A NATIONAL GROUP LIVING IN A
  NEIGHBORING COUNTRY

RIVER BORDER
MINORITY POPULATION
A
BORDER ADJUSTMENT
B
A
COUNTRIES
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ETHNIC GROUPS IN EASTERN EUROPE
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ETHNIC CLEANSING

• REFERS TO THE FORCIBLE OUSTER OF ENTIRE
  POPULATIONS FROM THEIR HOMELANDS BY STRONGER
  POWERS BENT ON TAKING THEIR TERRITORIES

MINORITY POPULATION
A
B
A
BORDER
COUNTRIES
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DEVOLUTION

• THE PROCESS WHEREBY REGIONS WITHIN A STATE DEMAND
  AND GAIN POLITICAL STRENGTH AND GROWING AUTONOMY
  AT THE EXPENSE OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

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DEVOLUTION IN EUROPE
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SHATTER BELT

• A TERM APPLIED TO EASTERN EUROPE BY GEOGRAPHERS
  TO DESCRIBE A ZONE OF CHRONIC POLITICAL
  SPLINTERING AND FRACTURING
• WHY HERE?

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ETHNIC MOSIAC OF EASTERN EUROPE
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Ethnic Majorities in Bosnia
Serbs
Muslims
Croats
No majority
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DAYTON ACCORDS

• A US INITIATIVE TO CONFER AND REDRAW THE MAP OF
  REMNANTS OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
• ATTEMPTED TO PARTITION BOSNIA AMONG SERBS,
  CROATS, AND MUSLIMS
• LAND DISTRIBUTION PROBLEM SERBS (31 OF BOSNIA)
  GOT 48 OF LAND IN MUSLIM/CROAT FEDERATION,
  MUSLIMS (49) GOT 27 OF LAND WHILE CROATS
  (17) GOT 25

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Dayton AgreementBoundaries
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SUBREGIONS OF EASTERN EUROPE

• COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA
• THE LANDLOCKED CENTER
• COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA
• COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA

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COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA

• POLAND
• A CLASSIC NATION-STATE
• TRADITIONALLY AGRARIAN - WHEAT
• POST WWII INDUSTRY - SILESIA
• WARSAW - PRIMATE CITY
• LITHUANIA
• LOST INDEPENDENCE IN 1940, REGAINED IN 1991
• KALININGRAD - A RUSSIAN EXCLAVE
• LATVIA
• SIMILAR HISTORY AS LITHUANIA
• CONSTITUTE BARE MAJORITY IN OWN COUNTRY
• BELARUS RUSSIAS CLOSEST ALLY

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THE LANDLOCKED CENTER

• CZECH REPUBLIC
• THE REGIONS MOST WESTERNIZED
• PRAGUE- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY
• SLOVAKIA
• THE LEAST DEVELOPED, MOST RURAL PART OF
  CZECHOSLOVAKIA
• HUNGARY
• A NATION-STATE OF 9.9 MILLION
• BUDAPEST- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY

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COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA

• SLOVENIA FIRST TO SECEDE ETHNICALLY MOST
  HOMOGENEOUS
• CROATIA
• BOSNIA CENTRALLY POSITIONED
• SERBIA LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS
• MACEDONIA 65 MACEDONIAN, 21 ALBANIAN
• ALBANIA REMNANT OF TURKISH OTTOMAN EMPIRE 70
  MUSLIMS LOWEST ECONOMIC RANKING IN EUROPE

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COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA

• BULGARIA LIBERATED BY RUSSIA IN 1878
• ROMANIA A FORMER ROMAN PROVINCE RAW MATERIALS
  (COAL, IRON ORE, OIL, NATURAL GAS)
• MOLDOVA AGRICULTURAL
• UKRAINE LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS
  AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE

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EUROPE III(CHAPTER 1 87-105)