Latin America in the 20th Century - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 29
About This Presentation
Title:

Latin America in the 20th Century

Description:

Latin America in the 20th Century Private investment by American companies were the chief means of influence in Latin America. The United States intervened ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:349
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 30
Provided by: Marci148
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Latin America in the 20th Century


1
Latin America in the 20th Century
2
Latin America in the 19th Century
  • Gained independence
  • Legacy of colonization left many problems
  • Powerful militaries
  • One-crop economies
  • Sharp class divisions
  • European and U.S. economic domination
  • Dependency Theory
  • Rulers more interested in personal power than in
    democracy

3
Political Instability
  • Influence of caudillos
  • Creole elites supported the status quo
  • Little experience with European democracy
  • Foreign Intervention
  • Monroe Doctrine
  • Spanish American War
  • Panama Canal

4
Mexico
  • Revolution and Stability?

5
Mexican Revolution
  • Preliminary Phase
  • Porfirio Diaz dominated Mexican politics and
    tried to industrialize using foreign capital
  • Initial Phase
  • Moderate reforms of Francisco Madero
  • Radical Phase
  • Civil war between Pancho Villa Emiliano
    Zapata both demanded radical reforms
  • Recovery Phase.

6
Recovery Phase
  • Constitution of 1917
  • Mexican government owned the subsoil and its
    products
  • State had the right to redistribute land to
    peasants after confiscating it and compensating
    the landowners
  • Lazaro Cardenas (1934-1940)
  • Redistributed 45 million acres to peasants
  • Seized control of Mexican oil wells from
    foreign investors

7
Economy Since the Revolution
  • Substantial land reforms continued
  • Many Mexicans face poverty and unemployment
  • Substantial foreign debt Economic decline
  • New oil reserves found as world oil prices
    fell
  • NAFTA

8
The PRI
  • Institutional Revolutionary Party, 1946
  • Provided stability
  • Not a true democracy
  • PRI controlled the Congress and won every
    election fraud and corruption

9
Economy Since the Revolution
  • Substantial land reforms continued
  • Many Mexicans face poverty and unemployment
  • Substantial foreign debt Economic decline
  • New oil reserves found as world oil prices
    fell NAFTA

10
Cuba

11
Cuban Revolution
  • Preliminary Fulgencio Batista Economic
    growth U.S. Influence
  • In1958,FidelCastro overthrew Batista
  • 26th of July Movement
  • Aided by Ernesto Che Guevara

12
Fidel Castros Cuba
  • Provided reforms economy, literacy, health care,
    improvement for women.
  • Harsh dictator - suspended elections, jailed or
    executed opponents, restricted the press.
  • Nationalized Cuban economy Castro turned to
    Soviets for economic and military aid.
  • Cuban Missile Crisis

13
Guatemala
  • Juan Jose Arevalo used a series of reforms that
    conflicted with foreign companies working in
    Guatemala,
  • Jacobo Arbenz was elected President in 1951.
  • 1954 US CIA invaded Guatemala to overthrow Arbenz
    and
  • installed a US-supported government.
  • Reforms were minimal.

14
Brazil
15
Government in the Early 20th Century
  • Originally government supports coffee and cacao
    planters and rubber exporters
  • Large gap between rich and poor
  • Getulio Vargas rules as a dictator in 1930s
  • - Suppressed political opposition.
  • Promoted economic growth and helped make
    Brazil a modern industrial nation.

16
Post-WWII Brazil
  • Government dominated by dictators
  • Continued economic modernization
  • Encouraged foreign investment to promote
    development projects.
  • Debt soared and inflation increased, causing
    hardship for most Brazilians.
  • Movements towards democracy since 1980
  • Hampered by government corruption

17
Argentina

18
Argentina after WWII
  • Juan Peron (1946-1954) promoted nationalistic
    populism
  • Called for industrialization
  • Supported the working classes
  • Limited foreign economic intervention
  • Military dictators dominate 60s, 70s, 80s
  • Death Squads fought a dirty war against
    subversives from 1976-1983
  • Democratic reforms demanded in the 1980s

19
Eva Peron
  • Immigrant and soap-opera star married Juan
    Peron in 1944
  • Ministered to the needs of the descamisados
    shirtless ones
  • Formed Eva Peron Foundation to help poor
  • Died in 1952 at age of 33
  • Husband lost popularity after her death

20
Chile

21
Chile
  • Salvator Allende worlds 1st democratically
    elected Marxist president in 1970
  • Gen Augusto Pinochet ousts Allende in CIA
    sponsored coup
  • -3,000 people
  • were killed or
  • disappeared
  • in his 17-year
  • rule

22
  • Private investment by American companies were the
    chief means of influence in Latin America.
  • The United States intervened periodically in
    Latin America to protect investments.
  • Direct interventions were usually followed by the
    creation or support of conservative governments
    that would be friendly to the United States.

23
Other U.S. Intervention
  • Banana Republics
  • U.S. backed dictators in a capitalist economic
    system
  • U.S. backed dictatorships
  • Augusto Pinochet in Chile
  • Manuel Noriega in Panama
  • Military intervention
  • Sandinistas (USSR) vs. Contras (US) in
    Nicaragua

24
  • Many militaries in Latin American seized power
    after World War II and imposed new types of
    bureaucratic and authoritarian regimes.
  • Government economic policies fell heaviest on the
    working class.
  • All military governments were nationalistic.

25
More US in Latin America
  • The US launched a program called the Alliance for
    Progress in 1961, which aimed to develop regions
    and eliminate ideas of radical political
    solutions.
  • After 2000, US concerns with Latin America
    continued to focus on issues of commerce,
    immigration, the drug trade, and political
    stability.
  • Over 30 of the population of Latin America falls
    under the poverty line, which contributes to
    legal and illegal immigration to the US.

26
(No Transcript)
27
Changes in Latin America 1980-
  • South American governments returned to civilian
    governments in the mid 1980s.
  • Large foreign loans taken in the 1970s
    threatened economic stability in Brazil, Peru and
    Mexico.
  • International commerce in drug trafficking
    stimulates criminal activity in many Latin
    American countries.
  • Latin American continues to have economic and
    political problems.

28
  • Women slowly gained suffrage in Latin America,
    but were even more slowly integrated into
    national political programs.
  • Migration among Latin American countries is
    common because of job opportunities and politics.
  • Movement in Latin American from rural to urban
    areas is extremely high.

29
  • Latin American popular culture combines crafts,
    music, dance.
  • The struggle for social justice, economic
    security and political formulas still exists.
  • Economics of Latin America have expanded but
    problems of distribution of wealth are prevalent.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com