Prologue- Rise of Democratic Ideas

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Prologue- Rise of Democratic Ideas

• Section 1
• Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome

Standard 10.1 Students relate the moral and
ethical principles In ancient Greek and Roman
philosophy to the development of
Western Political thought Standard 10.1.1
Analyze the similarities and differences in
Judeo- Christian and Greco-Roman views of law,
reason and faith, and duties Of the
individual Standard 10.1.2 Trace the development
of the Western political ideas Of the rule of
laws and illegitimacy of tyranny from Platos
Republic And Aristotles Politics
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Athens Builds a Limited Democracy

• City-States
• Democracy rule of the people

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How did each of these Athenian leaders contribute
to the development of democracy?
Solon Cleisthenes Pericles
Outlawed slavery based on debt All citizens submit laws for debate Increased of paid public officials
All free male adults are citizens Council of 500 members chosen randomly. Why? Paid jurors why is this important?
Council of 400
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Types of GovernmentChart p. 6

• Monarchy- king, hereditary, divine right
• Aristocracy- nobility, hereditary, wealth
• Oligarchy- small group rules

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Solon and Cleisthenes

1. How did Solon expand democracy?
2. Who was not allowed to become a citizen in
   Athens?
3. Why was Cleisthenes considered the founder of
   democracy?

Supreme Court Building Washington D.C.
This is Solon!
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Pericles

1. How did Pericles strengthen democracy?
2. What is the difference between a direct and
   indirect democracy?
3. Why did democracy end in Athens?

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Why did democracy end in Athens?

• Peloponnesian War
• Athens v. Sparta
• Invasion by Macedonia

"A house divided against itself cannot stand.
Abraham Lincoln (1858)
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Why do some historians believe that Athens was
not a true democracy?

• Not considered citizens
• Women
• Slaves
• Foreign residents

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Greek Philosophers Use Reason

• Philosophy love of wisdom
• What is the connection between philosophy and
  democracy?

Socrates
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The Role of Government

• Philosophers of ancient Greece were especially
  concerned with the proper role of government
• Tyranny- what is it? And why is it dangerous?

"one who rules without law, looks to his own
advantage rather than that of his subjects, and
uses extreme and cruel tactics -- against his own
people as well as others"
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What do Plato and Ice Cube have in common?

• The unexamined life is not worth living
• You better check yo self before you wreck yo
  self - 1993

399 B.C.
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Plato

• The Republic describes a perfectly governed
  society.
• Who should rule?
• philosopher-kings!
• Why?

Positives Negatives


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Platos Republic
An ideal society consists of three main classes
of peopleproducers (craftsmen, farmers,
artisans, etc.), auxiliaries (warriors), and
guardians (rulers) a society is just when
relations between these three classes are right.
Each group must perform its appropriate function,
and only that function, and each must be in the
right position of power in relation to the
others. Rulers must rule, auxiliaries must uphold
rulers convictions, and producers must limit
themselves to exercising whatever skills nature
granted them (farming, blacksmithing, painting,
etc.)
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Aristotle

• Politics the middle class should govern
  society.
• Why?

You Politics


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Politics

• the middle class is large, there are least
  likely to be factions and dissensions
• for when there is not a middle class, and the
  poor greatly exceed in number, troubles arise
• for the rich and the poor will never consent to
  rule in turn, because they mistrust one another
• and he who is in the middle is the arbiter

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Legacy of Greece

• Used reason to solve problems
• Developed direct democracy to allow citizens to
  actively participate in government.
• 3 branches of government (why?)
• Jury system
• 5. Fear of tyranny!! Why!

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Aristotle In Search of the Best Constitution

1. What did all the delegates at the Constitutional
   Convention have in common?
2. Describe an ancient Greek constitution.
3. Why did Aristotle believe that kings should not
   possess absolute power?
4. What is a tyrant?
5. Define aristocracy and oligarchy.
6. Why did Aristotle believe that democracy was
   dangerous?
7. According to Aristotle, what was the best
   constitution?
8. Overall, do you agree or disagree with Aristotle.
   Be specific in your answer.

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Romes contribution to Western Civilization

• Latin language. Still widely used in its own
  right in law, medicine, publishing,and academic
  writing. Also the basis of the modern languages
  French,Spanish,Italian,Portuguese and Romanian.

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Romes contribution to Western Civilization

• Road building. Roman roads are still used as the
  basis for many modern road systems in terms of
  routes. Roman road building techniques were so
  advanced that the same methods are used today,
  albeit with different materials.

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Romes contribution to Western Civilization

• Construction.The Romans invented concrete, still
  the basis of all modern large scale construction
  projects.The Romans also built new towns and
  cities on a grid design, as do all countries,
  globally, today.

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Rome Develops a Republic

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A republic is a form of government in which power
rests with citizens who have the right to elect
the leaders who make governmental decisions
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The Republic of Rome

• Plebeians common farmers, merchants. Were
  citizens and allowed to vote. However, could not
  hold many government positions.

• Patricians landowners who held most of the
  power. Claimed that their ancestry gave them the
  authority to make laws

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Twelve Tables

• Roman laws were carved on 12 tablets and publicly
  displayed.
• Why is the formation of a written law code
  necessary in a democratic government?
• Established the idea that all free citizens had
  the right to protection of the laws and that the
  laws would be fair to all.

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Republican Government

• Legislative branch made up of the Senate
• Senate was made up of only patricians.
• Why do you think plebeians were not allowed to be
  senators?

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Principles of Roman Law

• All citizens had the right to equal treatment
• Innocent until proven guilty
• Burden of proof rested with the accuser
• All laws should be based on reason.

All of these principles are seen in
The U.S. Constitution and The Bill of Rights
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Written Legal Code

• Code of Justinian
• a government of laws, not of men
• Even rulers are held accountable for their actions

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Legacy of Rome

1. Republic
2. An individual is a citizen in a state and not the
   subject of a ruler
3. Written legal code applied equally to all citizens

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Prologue, Section 1 Legacy of Ancient Greece and
Rome- copy questions, answer in complete sentences

• From Kingdom to Republic
• Define republic
• Which type of democracy is a republic?
• What is a patrician? What is a plebian?
• Twelve Tables
• What was the significance of the Twelve Tables?
• Republican Government
• Who made up the legislative branch?
• Roman Law
• List the 4 important principles of Roman Law
• A Written Legal Code
• How did Emperor Justinian contribute to Roman
  Law?
• Explain the meaning of a government of laws, not
  men.
• Legacy
• Make a list of Romes contributions to democracy.
• Answer in a paragraph What are the positives
  and negatives of a democracy?

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Prologue Section 1 quiz

1. A system for controlling society
2. rule of the people
3. Which type of government was the Greek city-state
   of Athens?
4. Athenian leader who created a Council of 400 and
   allowed all free adult male citizens to
   participate in government
5. love of wisdom
6. The name of Platos book which stated that
   philosopher-kings should rule
7. In the book Politics, Aristotle said this part of
   society should rule
8. The first society to develop the 3 branches of
   government
9. A king can turn into a ________ if he abuses his
   authority
10. Form of government in which citizens elect
    representatives
11. The birthplace of indirect democracy
12. Term for the common people of ancient Rome who
    were originally denied from holding many
    government positions
13. Written law code publicly displayed in ancient
    Rome that established the idea that all free
    citizens had the right to protection of the laws
14. Roman emperor who created a code of laws which
    established the idea of a government of laws,
    not of men
15. According to Aristotle, an aristocracy turns into
    a ___________ when it rules for the benefit of
    the rich

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Prologue- Section 1 quiz

1. Democracy
2. Republic
3. Monarchy
4. Oligarchy
5. Direct democracy
6. government
7. Pericles
8. Solon
9. Cleisthenes
10. Upper class
11. Middle class
12. Lower class

1. Plato
2. Aristotle
3. Philosophy
4. Reason
5. Greece
6. Rome
7. Senate
8. Patricians
9. Plebeians
10. Tyrant
11. Twelve Tables
12. NONE OF THE ABOVE

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How did the Renaissance contribute to the
development of individual rights?

• Renaissance( 1-4)
• Definition
• Where did it begin?
• When did it begin?
• Inspired by ?
• Where did the people of the Renaissance direct
  their energy?
• The new emphasis on individual opportunity led to
  an increase interest in what?
• What is the relationship between the Renaissance
  and the development of democracy?

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How did the Protestant Reformation advance the
cause of individual rights?

1. Define Reformation
2. Why did religious reformers begin to challenge
   the Church?
3. How did the invention of the printing press
   contribute to the Reformation?
4. How did the Reformation increase the power of the
   individual?
5. Which ideas contributed to the development of
   modern individualism?
6. How did the Reformation contribute to the
   development of democracy?

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Unit 1 Review questions

• Directions Copy questions and answer in complete
  sentences. Each answer should be a paragraph with
  an introductory sentence, a body, and a
  conclusion.
• What are the 3 branches of the U.S. government
  and what are their responsibilities?
• Who did Aristotle say should rule? Why?
• How did the ancient Greeks contribute to the
  development of democracy?
• How did the ancient Romans contribute to the
  development of democracy?
• How did each of the 3 monotheistic religions
  contribute to the development of democracy?
• Why was the Magna Carta important to democracy?
• Define Renaissance and Reformation. Why were each
  of these events important to democracy?