Stability and Electron Configuration

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Chapter 6

• Stability and Electron Configuration

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D. Stability

• Full energy level

• Full sublevel (s2, d10, f14)

• Half-full sublevel (p3, d5, f7)

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Atoms can increase their stability in one of two
ways

1. Reacting with other elements (will be covered in
   later chapters).
2. Electron promotion.

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Electron Promotion

• When the last sublevel within an electron
  configuration is a d or f sublevel that is one or
  two electrons away from being filled or half
  filled an electron or two may be promoted from
  the s sublevel.
• This makes the atom more stable

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D. Stability

• Electron Configuration Exceptions

• Copper

EXPECT Ar 4s2 3d9
ACTUALLY Ar 4s1 3d10

• Copper gains stability with a full d-sublevel.

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D. Stability

• Electron Configuration Exceptions

• Chromium

EXPECT Ar 4s2 3d4
ACTUALLY Ar 4s1 3d5

• Chromium gains stability with a half-full
  d-sublevel.