Technological Impacts

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14 April 10
DRILL
Which of the following data sets is the potential
source for the pie chart below?
A
B
C
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U.S. Energy Use 1996
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Topic 1 Energy Sources Fuels
Fuel Types

• Non-renewable
• Fossil Fuels
• Coal, Natural Gas, Petroleum (Oil)
• Nuclear Uranium ore
• Renewable
• Biofuels, Biomass, Geothermal, Hydro, Solar,
  Tidal, Wave, Wind

DONE
Well get to the rest in Power Plants
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Topic 1 Energy Sources Fuels
Renewable Fuels

• Fuels produced from renewable resources
• Renewable Resources
• A natural resource replenished by natural
  processes at a rate comparable or faster than its
  rate of consumption by humans or other users.

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Renewable Fuels Biofuel

• Any fuel with an 80 minimum content by volume of
  materials derived from living organisms harvested
  within 10 years of fuel manufacture
• Fords Model T 1st affordable automobile
  designed to run on ethanol
• The diesel engine invented 1897 was designed
  to run on biodiesel
• Like coal, natural gas, and petroleum, biofuel is
  a form of stored solar energy
• It is biodegradable

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Renewable Fuels Biofuel
Sources

• Bio Waste biogas (methane)
• Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
• 70 of landfill MSW is biofuel material
• Sewage sludge
• Animal waste and manure
• Used oils
• Edible Foods
• Animal fats, vegetable oils, seeds, corn, wheat,
  sugar beets, sugar cane, etc.

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Renewable Fuels Biofuel
Sources (cont.)

• Non-edible Parts of Foods
• Agricultural residues (peels, skins, husks,
  straw, cores, fish heads)
• Algae
• Yields of algal oil are greater than traditional
  oilseeds
• Can grow for from farmlands and forests,
  minimizing damage to those ecosystems/food chains
• Can be grown in sewages and next to smokestacks
  to digest pollutants and give oil

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Renewable Fuels Biofuel
Biofuel Types

• Vegetable Oil
• Lower quality (not quite edible) used for fuel
  oil
• Used veg. oil increasingly used for biodiesel
• Restaurant cooking oil sold/stolen and used
• Bioalcohols
• Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Butanol
• Energy content comparable to gasoline
• Flexfuel systems can run on gasoline or ethanol

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Renewable Fuels Biofuel
Biofuel Types

• Bioalcohols (cont.)
• Ethanol most common biofuel worldwide
• Brazil is largest source of ethanol
• E85 most common type 85 ethanol, 15
  gasoline.
• Chemical Formula
• Methane CH4
• Methanol CH4O CH3OH
• Ethane C2H6
• Ethanol C2H6O C2H5OH

Alcohol
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Renewable Fuels Biofuel
Biofuel Types

• Biodiesel
• Diesel engine was invented to run on peanut oil
• Most common biofuel in Europe
• Packs as much energy as its fossil fuel
  counterpart
• Can be used in existing diesel engines with
  little modification
• Made from vegetable oils soybean, canola, hemp
• Made from animal fats
• Made from algae

"The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may
seem insignificant today. But such oils may
become in the course of time as important as the
petroleum and coal tar products of the present
time Rudolf Diesel, 1912
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Renewable Fuels Biofuel
Biofuel Types - Biodiesel
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Renewable Fuels Biofuel
Biofuel Types

• Biogas
• Produced by anaerobic digestion of organic
  material
• Anaerobic digestion microorganisms break down
  biodegradables in absence of oxygen
• Organic material a once-living organism,
  capable of decay, or the product of decay
• Landfills (70 of landfill) and other
  biodegradable wastes
• Manure and other sources currently released into
  atmosphere
• Biogas contains methane

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Renewable Fuels Biofuel

• Solid Biofuels Biomass
• Wood, sawdust, grass cuttings, domestic refuse,
  charcoal, agricultural waste, non-food energy
  crops, and dried manure
• When already in usable form (firewood), can be
  burned directly for heat or produce steam (for
  electricity generation)
• When not in usable form, create pellets out of
  material to be burned in pellet stove

Wood pellet stove
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U.S. Biofuel Production
Note 2006/07 through 2010/11 are projected
based on the February 9, 2007, World Agricultural
Supply and Demand Estimates, the March 2, 2007,
Grains and Oilseeds Outlook 2007, and the
February 2007 USDA Agricultural Projections to
2016.
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U.S. Maintains Corn Exports as Ethanol and Corn
Production Expands
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Classwork/Homework
Draft a pamphlet that describes nonrenewable and
renewable fuels, the different types of each, and
any additional relevant information, such as how
the fuels are processed/derived. Include
sketches and descriptions.