Creating the best materials - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Creating the best materials

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Creating the best materials Design principles based on research – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Creating the best materials


1
Creating the best materials
  • Design principles based
  • on research

2
Why should I pay attention to this?
  • Empirical research conducted by
  • Richard E. Mayer, Professor of Psychology at UC
    Santa Barbara supports these principles as good
    practice.
  • Dr. Mayer has published a wealth of research on
    multimedia learning.

3
Multimedia Principle
  • Students learn better from words and pictures
    than from words alone

4
What can I do?
  • Add clipart to handouts
  • Use concept mapping such as Inspiration and
    Mindmeister
  • Add animations and/or clipart to your
    presentations

5
Spatial contiguity principle
  • Students learn better when corresponding words
    and pictures are presented near rather than far
    from each other on the page or screen.

6
What can I do?
  • Instead of adding images at the top or corners of
    your work, consider incorporating the images into
    the text.
  • Change a picture into a watermark and type over
    top of it.

7
Temporal contiguity principle
  • Students learn better when corresponding words
    and pictures are presented simultaneously rather
    than successively.

8
What can I do?
  • In PowerPoint, use your custom animation to have
    images and text enter together.

9
Coherence Principle
  • Students learn better when extraneous words,
    pictures, and sounds are excluded rather than
    included.

10
What can I do?
  • Ask yourself if youre adding extras because you
    should or because you want to do so.
  • Share your presentation with a friend and ask him
    or her to help you eliminate distracting extras.

11
Modality principle
  • Students learn better from animation and
    narration than from animation and on-screen text.

12
What can I do?
  • Consider PhotoStory where you can add narration
    to your images.
  • Attend an audacity training to understand how to
    add audio files. (I am working on perfecting
    this before training.)

13
Redundancy Principle
  • Students learn better from animation and
    narration than from animation, narration, and
    on-screen text.

14
What can I do?
  • With this principle, less is more.
  • Eliminate all but essential text and increase
    your use of narration.

15
Individual differences principle
  • Design effects are stronger for low-knowledge
    learners than for high-knowledge learners and for
    high-spatial learners than for low-spatial
    learners.

16
Give me some guidelines!
  • The following slides are a good set of guidelines
    to use.
  • Of course you know your students better, but
    these are general rules of thumb to guide your
    choices when creating materials.

17
Orient Users
  • Provide information on each screen or webpage
    that tells users where they are in the
    presentation.
  • Use headings and captions to show your
    organization

18
Justify Text Appropriately
  • Everything should be left justified except for
    numbers in a table, which should be right
    justified.

19
Limit Type Styles
  • Do not use more than three type styles per
    screen.
  • Consider one style for headings, another for
    captions, and another for text.
  • Be consistent so students can catch on to your
    system.

20
Limit Colors
  • Do not use more than three or four colors per
    screen.
  • Use color to
  • Attract, hold, or direct attention
  • Show relationships
  • Enhance data

21
Standardize use of colors
  • Set up a color scheme and use it consistently.
  • Consider using blue as a background because the
    human retina has fewer blue-sensitive cells than
    for any other color.
  • Avoid the following combinations
  • Red on green, green on blue, and red on blue.

22
Enhance Text with Graphics and Interactivity
  • Do not produce or accept screens that are only
    text.
  • Text should be accompanied by charts,
    illustrations, diagrams, and links

23
Eliminate Superfluous Items
  • Every object on the screen should have meaning.
  • Consider removing borders that dont contribute
    information and clipart art that is only vaguely
    related to your topic.

24
Upper and Lowercase
  • DO NOT USE ALL CAPS!
  • Research shows that for most people it is easier
    to read the traditional upper and lowercase type.

25
Keep Text Lines Short
  • Keep line lengths between eight and ten words
    when creating materials.

26
Single Spacing
  • Use a double space between paragraphs rather than
    using an indent.

27
Simplify the Structure
  • Make it as easy as possible for users to find the
    information.
  • Strive for consistency within a presentation and
    with your webpages.

28
Limit the Focus
  • Feature one idea per screen.
  • Consider a new page on your website section for
    each project, idea, etc.

29
Provide Emphasis
  • Use bold, italics, or underlining to emphasize
    ideas.
  • Strive for consistency so viewers can follow.

30
Know your audience
  • Consider your purpose and your audience before
    you start.
  • If it is a handout, you can use a smaller font
    than you would for a whole group presentation.

31
Do Not Flash
  • Do not use flashing text to get the attention of
    the viewer.
  • This makes it hard to focus.
  • Instead, use color and location to call attention
    to the information.

32
Use Lists
  • Use bullets, numbers, and checkmarks when you can
    especially on webpages.
  • ? 4

33
Navigate consistently
  • Keep navigation buttons in the same position from
    one screen to the next.
  • If you use action buttons in PowerPoint, remember
    to have them look the same and appear in the same
    place.

34
Do not stack text
  • Stacked text
  • (vertical text)
  • is hard to read.

35
Include multiple graphic types
  • Pictures are just one type of visual.
  • Consider adding charts, maps, tables, diagrams,
    or photographs

36
Organize the Screen
  • Group objects for meaning and better visual
    clarity.
  • Use a border or white space background to make
    groups stand out to the viewer.

37
Size Matters
  • Size determines importance to a viewer.
  • Be sure to resize your images to reflect the
    level of importance you want to convey.

38
Placement Matters
  • Location also determines importance.
  • Items at the top appear to have more importance
    to the viewer.
  • Think of it like the newspaper-the bigger story
    has a large headline high up on the page.

39
Additional resources
  • www.webstyleguide.com
  • www.colin.mackenzie.org/webdesign

40
References
  • Gagne, E.D., Yekovich, C.W., Yekovich, F.R.
    (1993). The cognitive psychology of school
    learning. Boston Little, Brown.
  • Marcus, A. (1991). Graphic design for electronic
    documents and user interfaces. New York ACM
    Press.
  • Horton, W. (1991). Illustrating computer
    documentation. New York Wiley.
  • Mayer, R.E. (2001). Multimedia Learning.
    Cambridge Cambridge University Press.
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