AP PSYCHOLOGY Unit XIV - Overview

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AP PSYCHOLOGYUnit XIV - Overview

• Attribution, Attitudes, and Actions Module 74
• Conformity and Obedience Module 75
• Group Behavior Module 76
• Prejudice and Discrimination Module 77
• Aggression Module 78
• Attraction Module 79
• Altruism, Conflict, and Peacemaking Module 80

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To aid in your note takingI suggest that you
print these as note pages.As you read each day,
use them to add your own notes.
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Social PsychologyIntroductionModule
74Attribution, Attitudes, and Actions
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Introduction

• Social Psychology
• What is the focus of the social psychologist?

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The Fundamental Attribution Error

• Attribution theory
• Dispositional vs. situational attribution
• Examples
• Fundamental attribution error
• Self-serving
  bias
• Example

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Attitudes and ActionsAttitudes Affect Actions

• Attitude
• Central route persuasion
• Example
• Peripheral route
  
  persuasion
• Example

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Attitudes and ActionsActions Affect Attitudes
The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

• The Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
• start small and build
• Example

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Attitudes and ActionsActions Affect Attitudes
Role Playing Affects Attitudes

• Role-Playing Affects Attitudes
• Role - Stanford prison study
  
• Who and what?
• Abu Ghraib
• Who and what?

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Attitudes and ActionsActions Affect Attitudes
Cognitive Dissonance Relief from Tension

• Cognitive Dissonance Relief From Tension
• Cognitive dissonance theory
• Example
• Attitudes follow
  behavior

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Conformity Complying With Social Pressures
Module 75
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Conformity Complying With Social
PressuresAutomatic Mimicry

• Chameleon effect
• Example
• Mood linkage

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Conformity Complying With Social
PressuresConformity and Social Norms

• Conformity
• Solomon Asch study
• Describe

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Conformity Complying With Social
PressuresConformity and Social NormsDraw
Figure 75.1 and explain
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Conformity Complying With Social
PressuresConformity and Social Norms

• Conditions That Strengthen Conformity
• One is made to feel incompetent or insecure
• Group has at least three people
• Group is unanimous
• One admires the groups status
• One has made no prior commitment
• Others in group observe ones behavior
• Ones culture strongly encourages respect for
  social standards

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Conformity Complying With Social
PressuresConformity and Social Norms

• Reasons for Conforming
• Normative social influence
• Example
• Informational social influence
• Example

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Obedience Following Orders

• Obedience
• Milgrams studies on
  obedience
• Procedure
• Results
• Ethics
• Follow up studies

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Obedience Following OrdersLessons From the
Obedience Studies

• Ordinary people being corrupted by an evil
  situation
• What did these experiments demonstrate?

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Social Facilitation

• Social Facilitation
• Task difficulty
• Example
• Expertise effects
• Example
• Crowding effects
• Example

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Social Loafing

• Social Loafing
• Define.
• Reasons why?
• Less accountability
• View themselves
  as dispensable

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Deinviduation

• Deindividuation
• With an example, can you describe?

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Group Polarization

• Group Polarization
• Discuss.

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Group Polarization

• Group Polarization

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Groupthink

• Groupthink
• Bay of Pigs
• What?
• Challenger
  explosion
• How does this relate to Groupthink?

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The Power of Individuals

• Social control vs personal control
• Difference?
• Minority influence
• Example

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Cultural Influences

• Culture
• Culture within animals
• What?
• Culture in
  humans
• What?

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Cultural InfluencesVariation Across Cultures

• Norm
• Culture shock
• Example
• Pace of life
• Example

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Cultural InfluencesVariation Over Time

• Changes over the generations
• What?

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Prejudice

• Prejudice
• Example
• Stereotype
• Example
• Discrimination
• Example

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PrejudiceHow Prejudiced Are People?Summarize
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PrejudiceSocial Roots of Prejudice Social
Inequalities

• Just world phenomenon
• Example
• Blame the victim
• What?

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PrejudiceSocial Roots of Prejudice Us and
Them Ingroup and Outgroup

• Us and Them Ingroup and Outgroup
• Ingroup
• Example
• Outgroup
• Example
• Ingroup bias
• Example

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PrejudiceEmotional Roots of Prejudice

• Emotional roots of prejudice
• Scapegoat theory
• What?
• Economic variables
• Negative emotions

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PrejudiceCognitive Roots of Prejudice

• Categorization
• Outgroup homogeneity
• Other-race effect
• Examples
• Vivid cases
• Believing the world is just
• Hindsight bias
• Example

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The Biology of Aggression

• Genetic Influences
• What?
• Neural Influences
• What?
• Biochemical Influences
• What?

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Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors in
AggressionAversive Events

• Aversive Events
• Frustration-aggression principle
• Example
• Social and cultural influences
• Aggression-replacement program

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Psychological and Social-Cultural Factors in
AggressionAversive Events

• Reinforcement and Modeling
• Aggression-replacement program
• What?
• Media Model for Violence
• Social scripts
• Example
• What does your author say about violent video
  games teaching social scripts for violence?

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The Psychology of AttractionProximity

• Proximity
• Mere exposure effect
• Example

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The Psychology of AttractionPhysical
Attractiveness

• Physical attractiveness
• Example

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The Psychology of AttractionSimilarity

• Similarity
• Positive correlation between similarity and
  liking
• Yes or No?
• Reward theory of attraction
• Example

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Romantic Love

• Love
• Passionate love
• What?
• Companionate love
• What?
• Equity
• Example
• Self-disclosure
• Example

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Altruism

• Altruism
• Kitty Genovese
• Who?
• Bystander Intervention
• Diffusion of responsibility
• What?
• Bystander effect
• Example

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AltruismFigure 80.1Draw or summarize.
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AltruismSummarize Figure 80.2
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AltruismThe Norms for Helping

• Social exchange theory
• Example
• Reciprocity norm
• Example
• Social-responsibility norm
  Example

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Conflict and PeacemakingElements of Conflict

• Conflict
• Example
• Social trap
• What is the non-zero sum game?
• Summarize Figure 80.3.

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Conflict and PeacemakingElements of Conflict
Enemy Perceptions

• Mirror-image perceptions
• Example
• Self-fulfilling prophecy
• Example

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Conflict and PeacemakingPromoting Peace

• Contact
• Example
• Cooperation
• What?
• Superordinate goals
• Example

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Conflict and PeacemakingPromoting Peace

• Communication
• Example
• Conciliation
• Example
• GRIT What?
• Which social psychologist advocated this
  strategy?

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Now what?It would behoove you to answer the MC
questions at the end of each Module. If you
would like the correct answers, come see me
before or after school! ?