ECOLOGY

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ECOLOGY
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Introduction

• Ecology
• Study of the relationships and interactions
  living organisms have with each other and with
  their environment.
• Science that focuses on the interdependent
  relationships between the biotic and the abiotic.

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Biotic Factor

• Anything living
• A living organism is able to do ALL of the
  following
• Grow and develop
• Reproduce independently
• Respond to stimuli
• Metabolize energy
• Viruses are non-living

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Abiotic factor

• Anything non-living
• Abiotic factors CANNOT do one or more of the
  following
• Grow and develop
• Reproduce independently
• Respond to stimuli
• Metabolize energy

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Bacteria found in yogurt
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Volvox
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Sea urchin
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water
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rock
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Abiotic of Biotic??

• Space (the amount of room things need)
• Soil (dirt)
• Air (O2 and other gases)
• Temperature
• Light (The Sun)
• Dead fish

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Ecological Niche

• An organisms role in an ecosystem
• EX Plants are producers
• EX Earthworms aerate the soil
• EX Mushrooms decompose decaying material

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Feeding Roles- vocabulary

• Predator
• Producer
• Autotroph
• Scavenger
• Herbivore
• Omnivore

• Prey
• Consumer
• Heterotroph
• Decomposer
• Carnivore

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Predator

• Organism who attacks and consumes another
  organism to obtain nutrients.

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Predator

• Organism who attacks and consumes another
  organism to obtain nutrients.

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Predator

• Organism who attacks and consumes another
  organism to obtain nutrients.

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Prey

• Organism who is consumed by another organism.

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Prey

• Organism who is consumed by another organism.

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Prey

• Organism who is consumed by another organism.

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Predator-Prey Relationship

• List 5 types of Predator and Prey Relationships
• Example Predator (Lion) Prey (Zebra)

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Producer

• Organism that makes its own food.
• Also called an AUTOTROPH.
• auto self
• troph food
• Ex.
• plants
• algae

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Producer Autotroph

• Change sunlight into a sugar called glucose (
  food).
• This process is called PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
• photo light
• synthesis to make
• All photosynthetic organisms are producers /
  autotrophs.

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Producer Autotroph

• Organism that makes its own food.

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Producer Autotroph

• Organism that makes its own food.

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Producer Autotroph

• Organism that makes its own food.

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Producer Autotroph

• Organism that makes its own food.
• May also use chemical energy to make food.
• Process is called chemosynthesis.
• chemo chemical
• synthesis to make

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Consumer

• Organism that cannot make its own food.
• Consumes other organisms for food.
• Also called a HETEROTROPH.
• hetero other
• troph food
• Ex.
• everything except for plants and algae
• ALL predators are consumers

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Consumer Heterotroph

• Organism that cannot make its own food.

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Consumer Heterotroph

• Organism that cannot make its own food.

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Consumer Heterotroph

• Organism that cannot make its own food.

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Types of Consumers

• Scavenger
• Decomposer
• Herbivore
• Carnivore
• Omnivore

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Scavenger

• Consumer who feeds on dead/decaying material.

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Scavenger

• Consumer who feeds on dead or decaying material.

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Scavenger

• Consumer who feeds on dead/decaying material.

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Decomposer

• Organism who feeds on dead organic material,
  which helps break down (decompose) organic
  material.
• Also called a saprophyte.
• Plays a very important role in recycling
  nutrients in the ecosystem.
• Ex. Fungi inhabit dead trees, getting energy
  from the tree and recycling nutrients from the
  tree into the soil.

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Decomposer

• Organism who feeds on dead organic material,
  which helps break down (decompose) organic
  material.

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Decomposer

• Organism who feeds on dead organic material,
  which helps break down (decompose) organic
  material.

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Herbivore

• Consumer who feeds on plant material.
• Herbivores feed ONLY on producers.

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Herbivore

• Consumer who feeds on plant material.
• Herbivores feed ONLY on producers.

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Carnivore

• Consumer who feeds on other animals.
• Carnivores NEVER feed on autotrophs.

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Carnivore

• Consumer who feeds on other animals.
• Carnivores NEVER feed on autotrophs.

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Omnivore

• Consumer who feeds on BOTH plant and animal
  material.

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Omnivore

• Consumer who feeds on BOTH plant and animal
  material.

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Feeding Relationships- vocab.

• Food chain
• Producer
• Primary Consumer (herbivore)

• Food web
• Secondary Consumer (carnivore)
• Trophic level

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Food Chain

• Series of organisms through which energy flows in
  an ecosystem.
• Each organism in the series eats or decomposes
  the preceding organism.

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Food Chain

• Series of organisms through which energy flows in
  an ecosystem.

consumer, heterotroph, herbivore
producer, autotroph
SUN
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Food Web

• Complex interaction of all of the food webs in an
  ecosystem.
• food chain food chain food web

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Food Web
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Producer

• Organism who makes its own food.
• Uses solar or chemical energy to make sugar.
• Also called autotrophs.

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Primary Consumer

• Organism who feeds directly on producers.
• Primary consumer herbivore

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Secondary Consumer

• Organism who feeds on primary consumers.
• Secondary consumer carnivore or omnivore

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producer
SUN
primary consumer
secondary consumer
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Trophic Level

• A trophic level describes a feeding level.
• Trophic level number is determined by the number
  of feeding steps an organism is from the sun.

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producer
primary consumer
1st trophic level
secondary consumer
2nd trophic level
3rd trophic level
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3rd
2nd
2nd
SUN
1st
2nd 3rd
2nd
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Transfer of Energy

• Why do we eat?
• Food provides energy needed to maintain daily
  activities.
• When you eat, energy is transferred from your
  food to you.

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Energy Pyramid
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Energy Pyramid

• Represents the transfer of energy between
  organisms.

tertiary consumer
4th
secondary consumer
3rd
2nd
primary consumer
1st
primary producer
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Pyramid of Biomass
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Pyramid of Numbers